Toni Morrison

Toni Morrison
Toni Morrison
	Morrison pada 1998
Lahir	Chloe Ardelia Wofford; 18 Februari 1931 (umur 93); Lorain, Ohio, A.S.
Meninggal dunia	Ogos 5, 2019 (umur 88); Bandar Raya New York, A.S.
Alma mater	Universiti Howard (BA); Universiti Cornell (MA)
Genre	Kesusasteraan Amerika
Karya terkenal	Beloved; Song of Solomon; The Bluest Eye;
Anugerah	Pingat Kebebasan Presiden; Pingat Kemanusiaan Kebangsaan; Hadiah Nobel dalam Kesusasteraan; Hadiah Pulitzer untuk Cereka;
Tandatangan

Toni Morrison (lahir Chloe Ardelia Wofford,^[2] 18 Februari 1931 – 5 Ogos 2019) ialah seorang novelis, penulis esei, penyuntinh, guru Amerika dan profesor emeritus di Universiti Princeton.

Morrison memenangi Hadiah Pulitzer dan Anugerah Buku Amerika pada tahun 1988 untuk Lover (1987). Novel ini diadaptakan menjadi sebuah filem dengan nama yang sama (dibintangi oleh Oprah Winfrey dan Danny Glover) pada tahun 1998. Morrison dianugerahkan Hadiah Nobel dalam Kesusasteraan pada tahun 1993. Pada tahun 1996, Endowmen Nasional untuk Manusia memilih beliau untuk Kuliah Jefferson, kehormatan tertinggi kerajaan untuk pencapaian dalam kemanusiaan. Beliau telah dianugerahkan dengan Sumbangan Cemerlang Yayasan Buku Negara 1996 kepada Surat Amerika. Morrison menulis libretto untuk opera baru, Margaret Garner, yang pertama kali dilakukan pada tahun 2005. Pada 29 Mei 2012, Presiden Barack Obama menyampaikan Morrison dengan Pingat Kebebasan Presiden. Pada tahun 2016, beliau menerima Anugerah PEN/Saul Bellow untuk Pencapaian dalam Fiksyen Amerika.

Rujukan

^ "Toni Morrison Fast Facts". CNN. Dicapai pada February 16, 2018.
^ Duvall, John N. (2000). The Identifying Fictions of Toni Morrison: Modernist Authenticity and Postmodern Blackness. Palgrave Macmillan. m/s. 38. ISBN 978-0-312-23402-7. After all the published biographical information on Morrison agrees that her full name is Chloe Anthony Wofford, so that the adoption of 'Toni' as a substitute for 'Chloe' still honors her given name, if somewhat obliquely. Morrison's middle name, however, was not Anthony; her birth certificate indicates her full name as Chloe Ardelia Wofford, which reveals that Ramah and George Wofford named their daughter for her maternal grandmother, Ardelia Willis.

Pautan luar

Claudia Brodsky Lacour, Elissa Schappell (Fall 1993). "Toni Morrison, The Art of Fiction No. 134". The Paris Review.
Bookworm Interviews (Audio) with Michael Silverblatt: October 1998, February 2004, January 2009, January 2009
Toni Morrison's oral history video excerpts at The National Visionary Leadership Project
Literary Encyclopedia biography
Voices from the Gaps biography
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1993
Toni Morrison at Random House Australia
- In Depth interview with Morrison, February 4, 2001
Toni Morrison di Pangkalan Data Filem Internet (IMDb)
Karya oleh atau mengenai Toni Morrison di perpustakaan (katalog WorldCat)
Toni Morrison Society based at Oberlin College
Toni Morrison "Reading the Writing: A Conversation with Toni Morrison" (Cornell University video, March 7, 2013)

[1] "Toni Morrison Fast Facts". CNN. Dicapai pada February 16, 2018.

[:0-2] Duvall, John N. (2000). The Identifying Fictions of Toni Morrison: Modernist Authenticity and Postmodern Blackness. Palgrave Macmillan. m/s. 38. ISBN 978-0-312-23402-7. After all the published biographical information on Morrison agrees that her full name is Chloe Anthony Wofford, so that the adoption of 'Toni' as a substitute for 'Chloe' still honors her given name, if somewhat obliquely. Morrison's middle name, however, was not Anthony; her birth certificate indicates her full name as Chloe Ardelia Wofford, which reveals that Ramah and George Wofford named their daughter for her maternal grandmother, Ardelia Willis.

[1]

l b s Penerima Hadiah Nobel dalam Kesusasteraan
1901–1925	1901 Sully Prudhomme 1902 Theodor Mommsen 1903 Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson 1904 Frédéric Mistral / José Echegaray 1905 Henryk Sienkiewicz 1906 Giosuè Carducci 1907 Rudyard Kipling 1908 Rudolf Eucken 1909 Selma Lagerlöf 1910 Paul Heyse 1911 Maurice Maeterlinck 1912 Gerhart Hauptmann 1913 Rabindranath Tagore 1914 1915 Romain Rolland 1916 Verner von Heidenstam 1917 Karl Gjellerup / Henrik Pontoppidan 1918 1919 Carl Spitteler 1920 Knut Hamsun 1921 Anatole France 1922 Jacinto Benavente 1923 W. B. Yeats 1924 Władysław Reymont 1925 George Bernard Shaw
1926–1950	1926 Grazia Deledda 1927 Henri Bergson 1928 Sigrid Undset 1929 Thomas Mann 1930 Sinclair Lewis 1931 Erik Axel Karlfeldt 1932 John Galsworthy 1933 Ivan Bunin 1934 Luigi Pirandello 1935 1936 Eugene O'Neill 1937 Roger Martin du Gard 1938 Pearl S. Buck 1939 Frans Eemil Sillanpää 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 Johannes V. Jensen 1945 Gabriela Mistral 1946 Hermann Hesse 1947 André Gide 1948 T. S. Eliot 1949 William Faulkner 1950 Bertrand Russell
1951–1975	1951 Pär Lagerkvist 1952 François Mauriac 1953 Winston Churchill 1954 Ernest Hemingway 1955 Halldór Laxness 1956 Juan Ramón Jiménez 1957 Albert Camus 1958 Boris Pasternak 1959 Salvatore Quasimodo 1960 Saint-John Perse 1961 Ivo Andrić 1962 John Steinbeck 1963 Giorgos Seferis 1964 Jean-Paul Sartre (anugerah ditolak) 1965 Mikhail Sholokhov 1966 Shmuel Yosef Agnon / Nelly Sachs 1967 Miguel Ángel Asturias 1968 Yasunari Kawabata 1969 Samuel Beckett 1970 Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn 1971 Pablo Neruda 1972 Heinrich Böll 1973 Patrick White 1974 Eyvind Johnson / Harry Martinson 1975 Eugenio Montale
1976–2000	1976 Saul Bellow 1977 Vicente Aleixandre 1978 Isaac Bashevis Singer 1979 Odysseas Elytis 1980 Czesław Miłosz 1981 Elias Canetti 1982 Gabriel García Márquez 1983 William Golding 1984 Jaroslav Seifert 1985 Claude Simon 1986 Wole Soyinka 1987 Joseph Brodsky 1988 Naguib Mahfouz 1989 Camilo José Cela 1990 Octavio Paz 1991 Nadine Gordimer 1992 Derek Walcott 1993 Toni Morrison 1994 Kenzaburō Ōe 1995 Seamus Heaney 1996 Wisława Szymborska 1997 Dario Fo 1998 José Saramago 1999 Günter Grass 2000 Gao Xingjian
2001–kini	2001 V. S. Naipaul 2002 Imre Kertész 2003 J. M. Coetzee 2004 Elfriede Jelinek 2005 Harold Pinter 2006 Orhan Pamuk 2007 Doris Lessing 2008 J. M. G. Le Clézio 2009 Herta Müller 2010 Mario Vargas Llosa 2011 Tomas Tranströmer 2012 Mo Yan 2013 Alice Munro 2014 Patrick Modiano 2015 Svetlana Alexievich 2016 Bob Dylan 2017 Kazuo Ishiguro 2018 Olga Tokarczuk 2019 Peter Handke 2020 Louise Glück 2021 Abdulrazak Gurnah 2022 Annie Ernaux 2023 Jon Fosse 2024 Han Kang

Kawalan kewibawaan
Umum	ISNI 1 2 VIAF 1 WorldCat (melalui VIAF)
Perpustakaan negara	Norway Chile Sepanyol Perancis (data) Catalonia Jerman Itali Israel Amerika Syarikat Latvia Jepun Republik Czech Australia Korea Croatia Belanda Poland Sweden Vatican
Kamus biografi	Jerman
Pangkalan data saintifik	CiNii (Jepun)
Lain-lain	Aplikasi Berfaset Terminologi Subjek MusicBrainz (artis) RERO (Switzerland) 1 2 Rangkaian Sosial dan Konteks Arkib SUDOC (Perancis) 1 Trove (Australia) 1