Levy Mwanawasa

Levy Patrick Mwanawasa (3 September 1948 - 19 August 2008) anali Pulezidenti wachitatu wa Republican wa Zambia . Iye analamulira dziko kuyambira mu January 2002 mpaka imfa yake mu August 2008. Mwanawasa akuyamika kuti adayambitsa ndondomeko yothetsera vutoli ku Zambia pa nthawi yake. Asanasankhe chisankho cha Mwanwasa, adakhala wotsatilazidenti kuyambira 1992 kufikira 1994 pamene adakhalapo Mmodzi wa chipani cha chipani cha Chifubu .

Mwanawasa anabadwira mu Mufulira , Northern Rhodesia , monga wachiwiri mwa ana khumi. Iye anali ndi digiri yalamulo kuchokera ku yunivesite ya Zambia . Anagwira ntchito m'maofesi alamulo apadera kuyambira 1974 mpaka 1978 pamene adakhazikitsa yekha: Mwanawasa & Company. Mu 1985, Mwanawasa adagwira ntchito ngati Solicitor General ku boma la Zambia koma adabwerera ku ntchito yaumwini mu 1986.   Mu 1989, adatsogolera gulu la chitetezo chalamulo kwa Lt. Gen Christon Tembo , yemwe adaimbidwa mlandu ndi boma la Kenneth Kaunda lopandukira boma, lomwe linayesedwa ngati chiwonongeko choyenera chilango cha imfa; Tembo adagonjetsedwa ndi boma, ndipo mbiri ya Mwanawasa pakati pa otsutsa a Kaunda inakula. Pambuyo pa Frederick Chiluba asankhidwa kukhala Pulezidenti, adasankha Mwanawasa kukhala Vice-Presidenti mu December 1991. Mwanawasa adachoka pa March 1992.

Pamsonkhano wake usanachitike mu 1990, Mwanawasa adasankhidwa kukhala Pulezidenti wa Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD), koma anakana kufotokozera, kunena kuti anali wamng'ono komanso wosadziŵa zambiri.   M'malo mwake anaganiza kuyima ngati phungu ndipo anapambana ndi namtindi wa anthu ambiri akuzikhulupirira.

Pa 8 December 1991 Mwanawasa anachita ngozi yaikulu yamsewu pomwe adathandizi ake anamwalira pomwepo. Anapweteka mthupi mwambiri ndipo anathamangira ku Johannesburg , South Africa kukachiritsidwa. Anakhalabe m'chipatala kwa miyezi itatu. Zotsatira zowopsa za ngoziyi ndizinthu zowonongeka. A commission of inquiry anakhazikitsidwa kuti afufuze yemwe anali ndi mlandu woweruza zakupha.

Mwanawasa adakhala Vice-Presidenti kufikira atasiya ntchito mu 1994. Mu 1996 adatsutsana ndi Chiluba kuti adziwotchedwe ndi Movement for Multiparty Democracy . Mwanayo atamwalira, Mwanawasa adachoka ku ndale mpaka chisankho cha 2001.

Mu August 2001, Komiti Yachigawo Yachigawo ya MMD inasankha Mwanawasa kukhala mtsogoleri wa pulezidenti wa chisankho cha 2001 . Anapambana chisankho, chomwe chinachitika pa 27 December 2001, ndi 29% chifukwa cha kalembera Zambia, posankha anthu ena khumi ndi awiri kuphatikizapo adindo ena awiri ( formerly Godfrey Miyanda ndi Gen. Christon Tembo ); Anderson Mazoka adakhala wachiwiri ndi 27%, malinga ndi zotsatira zake. Mwanawasa anagwira ntchito pa 2 January 2002. Komabe, zotsatira za chisankhozo zinatsutsana ndi maphwando akuluakulu otsutsa, kuphatikizapo Mazoka a United Party for National Development , omwe ambiri akudzinenera kuti adapambana chisankho. Owonetsa chisankho ndi maiko onse omwe adasankhidwa ndi maiko akunja adawonetsa zochitika zazikuluzikulu ndi chisankho ndi chisankho, kuphatikizapo kugula mavoti, kulembera mavoti olakwika, kusalidwa kwa anthu osagwirizana ndi zosayenera, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito molakwa kwa MMD. Mu January 2002, anthu atatu otsutsawo anapempha Khoti Lalikulu kuti ligonjetse Mwanawasa. Ngakhale khotilo linavomereza kuti chisankhocho chinali cholakwika, chidalamulira mu February 2005 kuti zolakwikazo sizinakhudze zotsatirazo ndipo anakana pempholi.

Mu February 2002, boma Mwanawasa zinadula chisamani defamation mlandu Zambia Post mkonzi Fred M'membe ndi chitsutso Wopanga malamulo Dipak Patel kuti nkhani yomwe M'membe tamutchula Patel ngati kuitana Mwanawasa ndi " kabichi ", ndi Buku zikuoneka kuti kuvulala wake.

Komabe, mwanawasa anafotokoza kuti akufuna kuyambitsa "chiyanjano cha dziko lonse", Mwanawasa adasankha akuluakulu a malamulo otsutsa aphungu ake mu February 2003, kuphatikizapo Patel wa FDD monga Pulezidenti wa Zamalonda, Zamalonda, ndi Makampani, ndi Sylvia Masebo wa ZRP monga Mtumiki wa Boma. Komabe, Godfrey Miyanda, mwiniwake wa otsutsa, adatsutsa kusuntha ndipo adaopseza kuti apereke mlandu pa izo.

Mu Januwale 2005, Mwanawasa adapepesa kudziko chifukwa cholephera kuthana ndi umphawi wa Zambia. Pafupifupi 75 peresenti ya anthu a m'dzikoli amakhala osachepera $ 1 patsiku, United Nations 'chizindikiro cha umphaŵi wadzaoneni.

Anasankhidwa kukhala Pulezidenti wa MMD kwa zaka zisanu mu 2005.

Mwanawasa anathamangira kwa nthawi yachiwiri mu chisankho cha pulezidenti womwe unachitikira pa 28 September 2006. Michael Sata wa Fuko Loona za Ufulu wa Anthu ankaonedwa kuti ndi amene ankamuvutitsa kwambiri. Chisankho chake chinatsimikiziridwa pa 2 Oktoba; Malingana ndi zotsatira zake, adalandira mavoti 42.98%. Iye analumbirira mu liwu lina pa 3 Oktoba. Patangotha masiku angapo, adatcha nduna yatsopano ndikuika Rupiah Banda kukhala Vice-Presidenti.