AK-74

AK-74
AK-74
	; Dastlabki AK-74
Davlat	Sovet Ittifoqi
Xizmat tarixi
Ishlatilgan yillari	1974–yildan hozirga qadar; 1991-yildan hozirga qadar (AK-74M)
Ishlab chiqarilish tarixi
Konstruktor	Mixail Kalashnikov
Islab chiqarilgan	AK-74: 1974; AK-74M: 1991;
Islab chiqaruvchi	Kalashnikov Konserni
Islab chiqarilgan yillari	AK-74: 1974–1991; AK-74M: 1991-yildan hozirgacha;
Hammasi boʻlib ishlab chiqarilgan	5,000,000+
Tavsifi
Ogʻirligi	AK-74: 3.07 kg (6.8 lb); AKS-74: 2.97 kg (6.5 lb); AK-74M: 3.4 kg (7.5 lb);
Uzunligi	AK-74: 943 mm (37.1 in); AKS-74: 943 mm (37.1 in); AK-74M: 943 mm (37.1 in);
	415 mm (16.3 in)
Eni	AK-74M: 70 mm (2.8 in)
Balandligi	AK-74M: 195 mm (7.7 in)

AK-74 (Kalashnikov avtomati 1974-yil) — 1974-yilda oʻqotar qurollar dizayneri Mixail Kalashnikov tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan avtomat. U 5,45 × 39 mm patron kameraga oʻrnatilgan boʻlib, u Sovet qurolli kuchlari uchun Kalashnikov oldingi avtomatlarining 7,62 × 39 mm patronini almashtirgan.

Miltiq birinchi marta 1979-yildan boshlab Afgʻonistondagi mojaroda Sovet qoʻshinlari tomonidan ishlatilgan^[4]. Pokiston razvedka boshqarmasi boʻlmish Xizmatlararo razvedka (ISI) Afgʻoniston byurosi rahbarining taʼkidlashicha, Amerika Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi (CIA) afgʻon-sovet urushi paytida afgʻon mujohidlari tomonidan qoʻlga olingan birinchi AK-74 uchun 5000 dollar toʻlagan^[5].

Dizayn tafsilotlari

AK-74 dizayni Mixail Kalashnikovning nazorati ostida A.D.Kryakushin guruhi tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan. Bu 7,62 × 39 mm AKM hujum miltigʻining moslashuvi va bir nechta muhim dizayn yaxshilanishlariga ega variantidir^[6]^[7]. Oldingi AKM bilan solishtirganda, AK-74 samaraliroq masofa, otish aniqligi va ishonchlilikka ega. AK-74 va AKM taxminan 50 % umumiy qismlarga ega (koʻpincha pinlar, buloqlar va vintlar bilan almashtiriladi)^[8]^[9].

Ishlash mexanizmi

Otish va qayta yuklash vaqtida miltiqning ishlashi AKM bilan bir xil^[10]. Kartrij primeri tez kengayib borayotgan yoqilgʻi gazlari tumshugʻi yaqinidagi teshik orqali barrel ustidagi gaz silindriga yoʻnaltiriladi. Gaz silindrining ichida gazlarning toʻplanishi uzun piston va murvat tashuvchini orqaga harakatga keltiradi va murvat tashuvchining pastki qismiga ishlov beriladigan silindrni va murvat tashuvchisi relsdagi ejektor nayzasi bilan murvatni taxminan 35 ° ga aylantiradi va murvatdagi tirgak pin orqali uni barrel kengaytmasidan ochadi. Oldingi Kalashnikov naqshli miltiqlar singari, AK-74da gaz klapan yoʻq; ortiqcha gazlar gaz silindridagi bir qator radial portlar orqali ventilyatsiya qilinadi. Kalashnikov operatsion tizimi murvat aylanishida birlamchi ekstraksiyani taklif qilmaganligi sababli, 5,45 × 39 mm AK-74 murvatida ekstraktsiya ishonchliligini oshirish uchun 7,62 × 39 mm AKMga qaraganda kattaroq ekstraktor panjasi mavjud^[11]. Bolt va tashuvchi moslamaga boshqa kichik oʻzgartirishlar kiritildi.

Bochka

Old koʻrish bazasi va gaz bloki qayta ishlangan. Gaz blokida port teshigida oʻqning kesishishini kamaytirish uchun teshik oʻqiga nisbatan 90 ° burchak ostida oʻrnatiladigan gaz kanali mavjud. Bir juft kronshteynlar gaz bloklari majmuasiga quyiladi va BG-15c yoki GP-25 40 mm granatomyotni oʻrnatish uchun ishlatiladi. Standart AK-74 tormozi 1970-yillardan beri bir necha marta qayta koʻrib chiqilgan^[12].

Miltiq	Kartrij	Kartrij ogʻirligi	Boʻsh jurnalning ogʻirligi	Yuklangan jurnalning ogʻirligi	Maks. 10.12 kilogram (22.3 lb) oʻq-dorilar yuki*
AK-47 (1949)	7,62×39 mm	16,3 g (252 gr)	plitka qirrali poʻlat 430 gram (0.95 lb)	30-raund 916 gram (2.019 lb) ^[13]	330 tur uchun 11 ta jurnal 10.08 kilogram (22.2 lb)
AKM (1959)	7,62×39 mm	16,3 g (252 gr)	qovurgʻali shtamplangan poʻlat 330 gram (0.73 lb)	30-raund 819 gram (1.806 lb)^[14]^[15]	360 tur uchun 12 ta jurnal 9.83 kilogram (21.7 lb)
AK-103 (1994)	7,62×39 mm	16,3 g (252 gr)	poʻlatdan yasalgan plastmassa 250 gram (0.55 lb)	30-raund 739 gram (1.629 lb) ^[14] ^[15]	390 tur uchun 13 ta jurnal 9.61 kilogram (21.2 lb)
AK-74 (1974)	5,45×39 mm	10,7 g (165 gr)	poʻlatdan yasalgan plastmassa 230 gram (0.51 lb)	30-raund 551 gram (1.215 lb) ^[15]^[16]	540 tur uchun 18 ta jurnal 9.92 kilogram (21.9 lb)

Variantlar

AK-74 seriyali, shuningdek, optik nishonlarni oʻrnatish uchun yonbosh rels bilan jihozlangan bir nechta „tungi jangovar“ konfiguratsiyalarda mavjud. Ushbu variantlar, AK-74N, AKS-74N va AKS-74UN NSPU va NSPU-3 (1PN51)^[17] tungi manzaralari, shuningdek, USP-1 (1P29) kabi optik nishonlar bilan birgalikda ishlatilishi mumkin. AK-74N2 va AKS-74N2 uchun belgilangan variantlar NSPUM (1PN58) koʻp modelli tungi koʻrish moslamasidan foydalanishi mumkin^[18].

AKS-74

AKS-74 — bu AK-74 ning yonma-yon buklanadigan metall yelkasi bilan jihozlangan varianti boʻlib, asosan havo hujumida piyoda askarlari foydalanish uchun moʻljallangan va asosi AK-74 bilan birga ishlab chiqilgan. AKMSning bir oz moʻrt qavatli tagidan farqli oʻlaroq (MP 40 avtomati bilan modellashtirilgan), AKS-74 shtamplangan metall tirgovichlardan ishlab chiqariladi, press mashinada bosiladi, zımba va payvandlash yoʻli bilan yigʻiladi.

AK-74M

1991-yilda Izhevsk shahridagi Ijmash zavodi AK-74 ning modernizatsiya qilingan variantini — AK-74Mni toʻliq hajmda ishlab chiqarishni boshladi („M“ -"modernizatsiya qilingan").

Manbalar

↑ „Presentation of the unique Kalashnikov small arms collection in the Moscow Kremlin Museum“. Izhmash (2005-yil 2-dekabr). 2011-yil 4-avgustda asl nusxadan arxivlangan.
↑ „АВТОМАТЫ“ [Automatic Weapons] (ru). Militaryparitet.com. 2012-yil 1-martda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2014-yil 16-noyabr.
↑ „AK74 / AKS74 / AK74M“. Modern Firearms (2010-yil 27-oktyabr). 2014-yil 25-oktyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2014-yil 16-noyabr.
↑ Woźniak, Ryszard. Encyklopedia najnowszej broni palnej — tom 1 A-F (pl). Warsaw: Bellona, 2001 — 25-bet. ISBN 978-8-31109-149-8.
↑ Chivers, C. J.. The Gun. Simon & Schuster, 12 October 2010 — 382–383-bet. ISBN 978-1-4391-9653-3. Qaraldi: 2013-yil 5-iyul.
↑ Woźniak, Ryszard. Encyklopedia najnowszej broni palnej — tom 1 A-F (pl). Warsaw: Bellona, 2001 — 25-bet. ISBN 978-8-31109-149-8.
↑ „Presentation of the unique Kalashnikov small arms collection in the Moscow Kremlin Museum“. Izhmash (2005-yil 2-dekabr). — „AK-74 – Kalashnikov assault rifle, caliber 5.45 mm. In 1967, pursuant to the Resolution of the CPSU Central Committee and the USSR Council of Ministers, a competition was organized to design an assault rifle fit to use the new 5.45-mm cartridge. The AK-74 was designed by А. D. Kryakushin's group under the designer supervision of M. T. Kalashnikov. Based on the competition results, this assault rifle was included in the inventory in 1974 as part of the 5.45-mm small arms complex. The cartridge used in the AK-74 weighs 1.5 times less as compared with the 7.62-mm cartridge. The soldier can carry 1.5 times more cartridges without increasing the weight of the portable reserve ammunition. In addition, the bullet speed of the 5.45-mm caliber is higher.“. 2014-yil 21-fevralda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2014-yil 16-noyabr.
↑ „Firearms E-book“. Military-Today.com (2010). — „The AK-74 has improved firing accuracy over the AKM. This weapon retains all advantages and disadvantages of Kalashnikov design, including reliability, ruggedness, simplicity of operation and maintenance. This weapon do not jams or misfires in worst conditions possible. Also it has reliable extraction even with dirty chamber and cases. Its drawbacks are poor balance and ergonomics, as well as inferior firing accuracy to most Western weapons.“. 2015-yil 13-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan.
↑ „AK-74 Assault rifle“. Military-Today.com. — „The AK-74 has improved firing accuracy over the AKM. This weapon retains all advantages and disadvantages of Kalashnikov design, including reliability, ruggedness, simplicity of operation and maintenance. This weapon do not jams or misfires in worst conditions possible. Also it has reliable extraction even with dirty chamber and cases. Its drawbacks are poor balance and ergonomics, as well as inferior firing accuracy to most Western weapons.“. 2015-yil 9-yanvarda asl nusxadan arxivlangan.
↑ Woźniak, p. 26.
↑ Kokalis, p. 46.
↑ „AK-74 Muzzle Brakes/Compensators“. K-VAR Corp.. 2019-yil 10-yanvarda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2014-yil 16-noyabr.
↑ Dockery, Kevin. Future Weapons. New York City: Berkley Caliber, 2007 — 102-bet. ISBN 978-0-425-21750-4.
↑ ^14,0 ^14,1 „AK 47 Technical Description Manual“. Scribd.com (2010-yil 30-sentyabr). 2012-yil 28-martda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2012-yil 23-avgust.
↑ ^15,0 ^15,1 ^15,2 Dockery (2007), p. 102.
↑ „AKM (AK-47) Kalashnikov modernized assault rifle, caliber 7.62mm“. Izhmash (2001-yil 2-sentyabr). 2014-yil 6-oktyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2012-yil 23-avgust.
↑ {{{title}}} (ru), January 1992 — 11-bet.
↑ {{{title}}} (ru), February 1991 — 5, 13-bet.

[1] „Presentation of the unique Kalashnikov small arms collection in the Moscow Kremlin Museum“. Izhmash (2005-yil 2-dekabr). 2011-yil 4-avgustda asl nusxadan arxivlangan.

[список-2] „АВТОМАТЫ“ [Automatic Weapons] (ru). Militaryparitet.com. 2012-yil 1-martda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2014-yil 16-noyabr.

[3] „AK74 / AKS74 / AK74M“. Modern Firearms (2010-yil 27-oktyabr). 2014-yil 25-oktyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2014-yil 16-noyabr.

[4] Woźniak, Ryszard. Encyklopedia najnowszej broni palnej — tom 1 A-F (pl). Warsaw: Bellona, 2001 — 25-bet. ISBN 978-8-31109-149-8.

[Chivers2010-5] Chivers, C. J.. The Gun. Simon & Schuster, 12 October 2010 — 382–383-bet. ISBN 978-1-4391-9653-3. Qaraldi: 2013-yil 5-iyul.

[Woźniak-6] Woźniak, Ryszard. Encyklopedia najnowszej broni palnej — tom 1 A-F (pl). Warsaw: Bellona, 2001 — 25-bet. ISBN 978-8-31109-149-8.

[ReferenceA-7] „Presentation of the unique Kalashnikov small arms collection in the Moscow Kremlin Museum“. Izhmash (2005-yil 2-dekabr). — „AK-74 – Kalashnikov assault rifle, caliber 5.45 mm. In 1967, pursuant to the Resolution of the CPSU Central Committee and the USSR Council of Ministers, a competition was organized to design an assault rifle fit to use the new 5.45-mm cartridge. The AK-74 was designed by А. D. Kryakushin's group under the designer supervision of M. T. Kalashnikov. Based on the competition results, this assault rifle was included in the inventory in 1974 as part of the 5.45-mm small arms complex. The cartridge used in the AK-74 weighs 1.5 times less as compared with the 7.62-mm cartridge. The soldier can carry 1.5 times more cartridges without increasing the weight of the portable reserve ammunition. In addition, the bullet speed of the 5.45-mm caliber is higher.“. 2014-yil 21-fevralda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2014-yil 16-noyabr.

[8] „Firearms E-book“. Military-Today.com (2010). — „The AK-74 has improved firing accuracy over the AKM. This weapon retains all advantages and disadvantages of Kalashnikov design, including reliability, ruggedness, simplicity of operation and maintenance. This weapon do not jams or misfires in worst conditions possible. Also it has reliable extraction even with dirty chamber and cases. Its drawbacks are poor balance and ergonomics, as well as inferior firing accuracy to most Western weapons.“. 2015-yil 13-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan.

[9] „AK-74 Assault rifle“. Military-Today.com. — „The AK-74 has improved firing accuracy over the AKM. This weapon retains all advantages and disadvantages of Kalashnikov design, including reliability, ruggedness, simplicity of operation and maintenance. This weapon do not jams or misfires in worst conditions possible. Also it has reliable extraction even with dirty chamber and cases. Its drawbacks are poor balance and ergonomics, as well as inferior firing accuracy to most Western weapons.“. 2015-yil 9-yanvarda asl nusxadan arxivlangan.

[10] Woźniak, p. 26.

[Kokalis_46-11] Kokalis, p. 46.

[12] „AK-74 Muzzle Brakes/Compensators“. K-VAR Corp.. 2019-yil 10-yanvarda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2014-yil 16-noyabr.

[Dockery_2007_102-13] Dockery, Kevin. Future Weapons. New York City: Berkley Caliber, 2007 — 102-bet. ISBN 978-0-425-21750-4.

[scribd2-14] 14,0 ^14,1 „AK 47 Technical Description Manual“. Scribd.com (2010-yil 30-sentyabr). 2012-yil 28-martda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2012-yil 23-avgust.

[Dockery,_Kevin_2007_p._102-15] 15,0 ^15,1 ^15,2 Dockery (2007), p. 102.

[izhmash1-16] „AKM (AK-47) Kalashnikov modernized assault rifle, caliber 7.62mm“. Izhmash (2001-yil 2-sentyabr). 2014-yil 6-oktyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2012-yil 23-avgust.

[17] {{{title}}} (ru), January 1992 — 11-bet.

[18] {{{title}}} (ru), February 1991 — 5, 13-bet.

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