Halas

An halas^[1] o dupóng^[2] (Iningles: snake) usa ka reptilya han orden Squamata ngan ubos-orden Serpentes. An sawa ngan ibingan amo an mga halimbawa san halas na agsub maiimdan ha Samar.

Ebolusyon

An fossil na makikilala na kanan halas una na nabuhi sadton Cretaceous period.^[3] An giaagapi na fossil san halas nagtikang sa Utah ngan Algeria, na nagrepresentar sa genera Coniophis ngan Lapparentophis. Inin mga lugar na gintikangan sini na mga fossil nagkakaedad sadton Albian ug Cenomanian san panahon sa kaurhian san Cretaceous, haros 112 tubtob 94 milyones katuig an nakalabay. Sugad man, an sayo nga lugar sa Algeria nagkakaedad sin sin 125 tubtob 112 milyones katuig an nakalabay.^[4]

Distribusyon

May'ada lahos sa 2,900 na specie san halas na mahihiagiaan tikang ha Arctic Circle ha Scandinavia ha norte tubtob timog ha Australia.^[5] Mahihiagian an halas sa natanan na kontinente maliban ha Antarctica. Mahihiagian liwat ini sa kadagatan, ngan sa higtaas na lugar sugad san Himalayan Mountains ha Asya.^[5]^[6]^:143 Daramo na puro na kun diin wara halas, sugad san Ireland, Iceland, ngan New Zealand^[7]^[6] (kudi an dagat sa libot san New Zealand pirmi ginbibisita san yellow-bellied sea snake ngan san banded sea krait).^[8]

Pinanbasaran

↑ Abuyen, Tomas A. Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 107.
↑ Abuyen, Tomas A. Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 84.
↑ Durand, J.F. (2004). "The origin of snakes". Geoscience Africa 2004. Abstract Volume, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, pp. 187.
↑ Vidal, N., Rage, J.-C., Couloux, A. and Hedges, S.B. (2009). "Snakes (Serpentes)". Pp. 390-397 in Hedges, S. B. and Kumar, S. (eds.), The Timetree of Life. Oxford University Press.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Ipakita an sayop: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Sanchez
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Conant R, Collins JT. 1991. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians: Eastern and Central North America. Houghton Mifflin, Boston. 450 pp. 48 plates. ISBN 0-395-37022-1.
↑ Ipakita an sayop: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Bauchot
↑ Natural History Information Centre, Auckland War Memorial Museum. "Natural History Questions". Auckland War Memorial Museum Batakan:Pipe Tamaki Paenga Hira. Auckland, New Zealand: Auckland War Memorial Museum. Q. Are there any snakes in New Zealand?. Ginhipos tikang han orihinal han 12 Hulyo 2012. Ginkuhà 26 Abril 2012.

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Iton Wikiquote mayda tinirok nga mga puplonganon, darahonon o ginyakan nga nahanunungod han/kan:

Halas

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Serpentes (category)

Wikisource has the text of the 1920 Encyclopedia Americana article Serpents.

"Worldwide Snake Species List". Snake Track.com.
"Bibliography for "Serpentes"". Biodiversity Heritage Library.
"Serpentes". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
"US Snakes". eNature. Ginhipos tikang han orihinal han 2008-03-15. Ginkuhà 2015-01-22.
"Snakes of the Indian Subcontinent". Naturemagics Kerala Photo Gallery. Ginhipos tikang han orihinal han 2009-03-21. Ginkuhà 2015-01-22.
"About Snake Cell". Snake Cell. (INDIA)
"Snake World". ReptilesWeb.com. Ginhipos tikang han orihinal han 2008-07-03. Ginkuhà 2015-01-22.
"What's That Snake?". OPLIN.
"Herpetology Database". Swedish Museum of Natural History.
BBC Nature: Ginhipos 2014-03-01 han Wayback Machine Snake news, and video clips from BBC programmes past and present.
Basics of snake taxonomy at Life is Short but Snakes are Long

[1] Abuyen, Tomas A. Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 107.

[2] Abuyen, Tomas A. Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 84.

[3] Durand, J.F. (2004). "The origin of snakes". Geoscience Africa 2004. Abstract Volume, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, pp. 187.

[timetree-4] Vidal, N., Rage, J.-C., Couloux, A. and Hedges, S.B. (2009). "Snakes (Serpentes)". Pp. 390-397 in Hedges, S. B. and Kumar, S. (eds.), The Timetree of Life. Oxford University Press.

[Sanchez-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Ipakita an sayop: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Sanchez

[Con91-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Conant R, Collins JT. 1991. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians: Eastern and Central North America. Houghton Mifflin, Boston. 450 pp. 48 plates. ISBN 0-395-37022-1.

[Bauchot-7] Ipakita an sayop: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Bauchot

[AucklandMuseum-8] Natural History Information Centre, Auckland War Memorial Museum. "Natural History Questions". Auckland War Memorial Museum Batakan:Pipe Tamaki Paenga Hira. Auckland, New Zealand: Auckland War Memorial Museum. Q. Are there any snakes in New Zealand?. Ginhipos tikang han orihinal han 12 Hulyo 2012. Ginkuhà 26 Abril 2012.

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