Ammonium permanganate

Ammonium permanganate
Names
	IUPAC name Ammonium manganate(VII)
	Other names Ammonium permanganate
Identifiers
CAS Number	13446-10-1 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image; Interactive image;
ChemSpider	55512 ;
PubChem CID	61604;
UN number	3085, 1482
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID101028187 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/Mn.H3N.4O/h;1H3;;;;/q;;;;;-1/p+1 Key: PASCZIGWJWZUOV-UHFFFAOYSA-O ; InChI=1/Mn.H3N.4O/h;1H3;;;;/q;;;;;-1/p+1/rMnO4.H3N/c2-1(3,4)5;/h;1H3/q-1;/p+1 Key: PASCZIGWJWZUOV-AGRLYYGXAH;
	SMILES [O-][Mn](=O)(=O)=O.[N+]; [O-][Mn](=O)(=O)=O.[NH4+];
Properties
Chemical formula	NH4MnO4
Molar mass	136.974 g/mol
Appearance	rhombic needle crystals or powder with rich violet-brown or dark purple metallic sheen, become steel-gray in storage;; magenta–rose in solution
Density	2.2g/cm3, solid
Melting point	decomposes
Solubility in water	8.0 g/100 ml at 15 °C
Structure
Crystal structure	Orthorhombic
Thermochemistry
Std molar; entropy (S⦵298)	J.K−1.mol−1
Hazards
	Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	Oxidant (O), Harmful (Xn), Dangerous for the environment (N)
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	0 0 3 OX
Safety data sheet (SDS)	[ External MSDS]
Related compounds
Other anions	Ammonium perrhenate
Other cations	Sodium permanganate; Potassium permanganate
Related compounds	Potassium manganate (K2MnO4); Manganese heptoxide;
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Ammonium permanganate is the chemical compound NH₄MnO₄, or NH₃·HMnO₄. It is a water soluble, violet-brown or dark purple salt.

Preparation

Ammonium permanganate was first prepared by Eilhard Mitscherlich in 1824 by reaction of silver permanganate with equal molar amount of ammonium chloride, filtering the silver chloride and evaporating the water.

AgMnO₄ + NH₄Cl → AgCl + NH₄MnO₄

It can also be prepared in a similar way from potassium permanganate and ammonium chloride.

KMnO₄ +NH₄Cl → KCl + NH₄MnO₄

Properties

Ammonium permanganate is a strong oxidizer, owing to its permanganate anion, and it is a moderately strong explosive, owing to the combination of oxidizer permanganate anion and reducing ammonium cation. Dry ammonium permanganate can detonate by heat, shock, or friction, and it may explode at temperatures above 140 °F (60 °C).^[1]

Ammonium permanganate decomposes explosively to manganese dioxide, nitrogen, and water:^[2]

2 NH₄MnO₄ → 2 MnO₂ + N₂ + 4 H₂O

Ammonium permanganate decomposes slowly in storage even at normal temperatures. A sample stored for 3 months was only 96% pure, after 6 months it assumed color of iodine and had strong smell of nitrogen oxides. It emits toxic fumes when decomposed by heat.^[3]

Quaternary ammonium permanganate compounds can be prepared, such as tetrabutylammonium permanganate^[4] and benzyltriethylammonium permanganate.^[5]

References

^ "MSDS Chemical Information File: Ammonium Permanganate". February 1988.
^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Manganese" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 569–571.
^ Seymour M. Kaye (1978). "Permanganates - Ammonium Permanganate". Encyclopedia of Explosives and Related Items. Vol. 8. p. 178.
^ Sala, Tony; Sargent, Melvyn V. (1978). "Tetrabutylammonium permanganate: an efficient oxidant for organic substrates". Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications (6): 253–254. doi:10.1039/C39780000253.
^ Schmidt, H.-Jürgen; Schäfer, Hans J. (January 1979). "Oxidation of Hydrocarbons with Benzyl(triethyl)ammonium Permanganate". Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English. 18 (1): 68–69. doi:10.1002/anie.197900681.

[1] "MSDS Chemical Information File: Ammonium Permanganate". February 1988.

[2] Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Manganese" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 569–571.

[3] Seymour M. Kaye (1978). "Permanganates - Ammonium Permanganate". Encyclopedia of Explosives and Related Items. Vol. 8. p. 178.

[4] Sala, Tony; Sargent, Melvyn V. (1978). "Tetrabutylammonium permanganate: an efficient oxidant for organic substrates". Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications (6): 253–254. doi:10.1039/C39780000253.

[5] Schmidt, H.-Jürgen; Schäfer, Hans J. (January 1979). "Oxidation of Hydrocarbons with Benzyl(triethyl)ammonium Permanganate". Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English. 18 (1): 68–69. doi:10.1002/anie.197900681.

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