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Eli Jerby

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Eli Jerby
אלי ג'רבי
Born (1957-06-22) June 22, 1957 (age 67)
Israel
Alma mater
OccupationResearcher in the field of electrical engineering
EmployerTel Aviv University
Notable workThe microwave drill, localized microwave heating (LMH), ejection of plasma (ionized gas) from solids by LMH in fire-column and fireball forms, LMH-based additive manufacturing (3D printing), thermite ignition by LMH, and microwave impacts on materials in various phases

Eliahu (Eli) Jerby (Hebrew: אלי ג'רבי; born June 22, 1957) is a full professor at the Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University (TAU). His studies deal with localized interactions between electromagnetic (EM) radiation and materials in various phases. These include solids, powders, and plasmas, and their phase transitions. He also develops applications for these phenomena in the microwave regime.

Biography

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Jerby graduated in 1979 with bachelor's and master's degrees in electrical engineering at Tel Aviv University. His PhD thesis (1988) introduced a 3D linear theory of free-electron lasers (FELs).[1] He did his post-doc as a Fulbright and Rothschild Fellow in the laboratory of Prof. George Bekefi at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).[2] Since 1991 he has been a faculty member at TAU’s Faculty of Engineering.

Research

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Jerby’s early studies dealt with amplification mechanisms of EM waves by electron beams in vacuum. These include fast-wave interactions (e.g. cyclotron-resonance masers, gyrotrons, and FELs),[1][2] and their synergistic combination with slow waves in periodic structures (of 1, 2 or 3 dimensions known now as metamaterials).[3][4][5] His FEL devices, operating at extremely low voltages, and accordingly in the UHF range, marked a record for the longest FEL’s wavelength.[6] His other innovative FEL schemes were further investigated by T. C. Marshal (FEL angular steering),[7] H. P. Freund (slow-wave ubitron),[8] and others.

Jerby’s more recent team research deals with hotspot phenomena created by localized microwave-heating (LMH) processes. The intentional LMH effect discovered in these studies provided the basis for the microwave-drill invention,[9][10] which aroused media interest worldwide.[11][12][13] Microwave drills have since been successfully developed in various materials, including glass, concrete, and metals,[14] and for a variety of applications.[15][16]

A schematic view of the microwave drill. (a) A schematic view of the microwave drill, and (b) a molten hotspot created by it in a glass plate, side view. (c) A ~2-mm diameter hole made therein by the microwave drill.

Operating a microwave-drill device in an inverse mode causes the molten hotspot to detach from the substrate material. Further irradiation of the melt causes its vaporization in the form of a plasma column. In certain operating conditions, this plasma converges into a form of a plasma ball floating in the air.[17] Similar experiments were followed by K. D. Stephan[18] and other researchers. It was found later that the LMH-generated plasma also contains charged particles in nanometric and micrometric sizes, which originate from the substrate material.[19] These add to the ions and electrons in the plasma, hence defined as dusty plasma. The similarity between these laboratory-made plasma balls and the relatively rare phenomenon of ball lightning in nature enables mimicking this natural atmospheric phenomenon in the laboratory.[20] Similar experiments also demonstrate various volcanic phenomena, such as the flow of hot lava from the molten core of a basalt rock.[21] These findings have also attracted media attention.[22][23][24][25][26][27][28]

(A) Evolution of plasma in the form of a fireball, starting from a hotspot created by the LMH process on a glass substrate, from which a plasma column is emitted to feed the forming ball. (B) The plasma detaches from the hotspot, and (C) converges into a floating ball shape, adhering to the ceiling of the exposure chamber. (D) The fireball, similar to a ball lightning, continues to exist in microwave excitation.

Other studies by Jerby’s group include novel LMH phenomena and applications, such as igniting thermite mixtures[29] (led to the discovery of the bubble-marble effect), and 3D-printing of metal powders.[30] Jerby’s developments contributed to the trend of using high-power transistors for microwave heating applications.[31]

Jerby served as the Editor of the Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy (JMPEE) in 2006-2009,[32] and of AMPERE Newsletter (2015-2017).[33] He also participated in organizing international conferences in his various research fields. Besides his scientific publications, he also authored several opinion articles related to academia-and-society issues in Israel.[34][35][36]

References

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  1. ^ a b Jerby, E.; Gover, A. (1989). "Wave profile modification in Raman free-electron lasers: space-charge transverse fields and optical guiding". Physical Review Letters. 63 (8): 864–867. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.63.864. PMID 10041205.
  2. ^ a b Jerby, E.; Bekefi, G.; Wurtele, J.C. (1991). "Observation of periodic intensity bursts from a free electron laser oscillator". Physical Review Letters. 66 (16): 2068–2071. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.66.2068. PMID 10043383.
  3. ^ Jerby, E. (1991). "Traveling wave free electron laser". Physical Review A. 44 (1): 703–715. Bibcode:1991PhRvA..44..703J. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.44.703. PMID 9905720.
  4. ^ Jerby, E. (1994). "Linear analysis of a periodic-waveguide cyclotron maser interaction". Physical Review E. 49 (5): 4487–4496. Bibcode:1994PhRvE..49.4487J. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.49.4487. PMID 9961744.
  5. ^ Jerby, E. (1999). "Two-dimensional cyclotron-resonance maser array: spectral measurements with one and two electron beams". Physical Review E. 59 (2): 2322–2329. Bibcode:1999PhRvE..59.2322L. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.59.2322.
  6. ^ Drori, R.; Jerby, E. (1999). "Tunable fluid-loaded free-electron-laser in the low electron-energy and long-wavelength extreme". Physical Review E. 59 (3): 3588–3593. Bibcode:1999PhRvE..59.3588D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.59.3588.
  7. ^ Cecere, M.; Marshall, T.C. (1994). "A free electron laser experiment on angular steering". IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science. 22: 654–658. doi:10.1109/27.338279.
  8. ^ Pershing, D.E. (1996). "Design of a slow-wave ubitron". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A. 375 (1): 230–232. Bibcode:1996NIMPA.375..230P. doi:10.1016/0168-9002(95)01220-6.
  9. ^ Jerby, E.; Dikhtyar, V.; Actushev, O.; Grosglick, U. (2002). "The microwave drill". Science. 98 (5593): 587–589. Bibcode:2002Sci...298..587J. doi:10.1126/science.1077062. PMID 12386331.
  10. ^ 6,114,676 and EU 1,147,684 US 6,114,676 and EU 1,147,684, "Method and device for drilling, cutting, nailing and joining solid non-conductive materials using microwave radiation" 
  11. ^ Ball, P. (October 14, 2002). "Microwaves drill ceramics". Nature. doi:10.1038/news021014-11.
  12. ^ Choi, C. (2002). "New microwave drill is clean, quiet". UPI Science News.
  13. ^ Stein, R. (2002). "Microwaves power quiet drill invention". CBC.
  14. ^ Shoshani, Y.; Jerby, E. (2021). "Local melting and cutting of iron bulks by a synergic microwave-DC thermal skin effect". Applied Physics Letters. 118 (19): 194102. Bibcode:2021ApPhL.118s4102S. doi:10.1063/5.0050045.
  15. ^ Ong, K.C.G.; Akbarnezhad, A. (2017). Microwave-Assisted Concrete Technology: Production, Demolition and Recycling. CRC Press.
  16. ^ Bansal, A.; Vasudev, H. (2023). Advances in Microwave Processing for Engineering Materials. CRC Press.
  17. ^ Dikhtyar, V.; Jerby, E. (2006). "Fireball ejection from a molten hotspot to air by localized microwaves". Physical Review Letters. 96 (4): 045002. Bibcode:2006PhRvL..96d5002D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.045002. PMID 16486835.
  18. ^ Stephan, K.D. (2006). "Microwave generation of stable atmospheric-pressure fireballs in air". Physical Review E. 74 (5): 55401–1–4. Bibcode:2006PhRvE..74e5401S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.74.055401. PMID 17279961.
  19. ^ Mitchell, J.B.A. (2008). "Evidence for nanoparticles in microwave-generated fireballs observed by synchrotron X-ray scattering". Physical Review Letters. 100 (6): 065001. Bibcode:2008PhRvL.100f5001M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.065001. PMID 18352481.
  20. ^ Shoshani, Y.; Jerby, E. (2022). "Microwave-ignited DC-plasma ejection from basalt: Powder-generation and lightning-like effects". Applied Physics Materials. 120 (26): 264101. Bibcode:2022ApPhL.120z4101S. doi:10.1063/5.0096020.
  21. ^ Shoshani, Y.; Jerby, E. (2019). "Localized microwave-heating (LMH) of basalt – Lava, dusty-plasma, and ball-lightning ejection by a "miniature volcano"". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 12954. Bibcode:2019NatSR...912954J. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-49049-5. PMC 6736850. PMID 31506477.
  22. ^ Research Highlights (2006). "Great balls of nano-lightning". Nature Physics. 2: 145.
  23. ^ Sandhu, A. (February 29, 2008). "Great balls of nano-lightning". Nature Nanotechnology.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  24. ^ Cartlidge, E. (March 27, 2008). "Great balls of fire!". The Economist.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  25. ^ Castelvecchi, D. (January 16, 2008). "Dusty Fireball: Can lab-made blob explain ball lightning?". Science News.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  26. ^ Stanley, H. (August 13, 2009). "Plasma balls: creating the 4th state of matter with microwaves". Science in School: The European Journal for Science Teachers. 12.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  27. ^ Tran, K. (May 15, 2010). "Ball lightning may be all in your head". National Geographic.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  28. ^ Shatner, W. (March 2020). "Extreme Weather Mysteries". The HISTORY Channel, UNXPLAINED.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  29. ^ Meir, Y.; Jerby, E. (2015). "Underwater microwave ignition of hydrophobic thermite powder enabled by the bubble-marble effect". Applied Physics Letters. 107 (5): 054101. Bibcode:2015ApPhL.107e4101M. doi:10.1063/1.4928110.
  30. ^ Jerby, E. (2015). "Incremental metal-powder solidification by localized microwave-heating and its potential for additive manufacturing". Additive Manufacturing. 6: 53–66. doi:10.1016/j.addma.2015.03.002.
  31. ^ "AMPERE Newsletter. Special Issue on Solid-State Microwave Heating". AMPERE Newsletter (89). July 2016.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  32. ^ Jerby, Eli (2008). "The editor's column". Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy. 42 (4).
  33. ^ "AMPERE Newsletter".
  34. ^ ג'רבי, אליהו (1999). "הבית הירוק - נקודת החן של אוניברסיטת תל אביב" (PDF).
  35. ^ ג'רבי, אליהו (2002). "אקדמיה תחת כוחות שוק". הארץ.
  36. ^ ג'רבי, אליהו (2005). "למי שייכים תוצרי הידע". הארץ.
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