Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site

	Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site
	U.S. National Register of Historic Places
	U.S. National Historic Landmark
	Clovis point in situ near a bison mandible and mammoth bone at the Lehner site, 1955. Higher-resolution photo linked at source.
Nearest city	Hereford, Arizona
Coordinates	31°26′N 110°6′W / 31.433°N 110.100°W
NRHP reference No.	67000002
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	May 28, 1967
Designated NHL	May 28, 1967

The Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site is in southern Arizona (Cochise County) on the west bank of the San Pedro River 1.5 miles southwest of the town of Hereford. It is significant for its association with evidence that mammoths were killed here by Paleo-Indians 11,000 to 12,000 years before present.

The Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1967. In 1988, Mr. and Mrs. Lehner donated the site to the Bureau of Land Management for the benefit and education of the public.^[2]

Archaeology

In 1952, Ed Lehner discovered extinct mammoth bone fragments on his ranch, at the locality now known as the Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site. He notified the Arizona State Museum, and a summer of heavy rains in 1955 exposed more bones. Excavations, led by William W. Wasley and Emil Haury, took place in 1955–56, and again in 1974–75. In the initial effort, thirteen fluted projectile points, with 2 damaged, and 8 stone tools were found as well as 9 mammoth remains, one bison, a horse, and a tapir. The Clovis points were of chert, clear quartz, and chalcedony. Two hearths were discovered and sampled for radiocarbon dating.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7] During the 1975 excavation the remains of a juvenile American Mastodon were found.^[8]

Bones of a variety of game—twelve immature mammoths, one horse, one tapir, several bison, one camel, one bear, several rabbits, and a garter snake—were excavated at the Lehner site.

The Lehner Mammoth kill and camp site exhibited a number of firsts: It was the first site associated with the Clovis culture to have definable fire hearths. These hearths provided the first radiocarbon dates for the culture (9,000 BCE). This site was also the first to have butchering tools in direct association with animal remains, and the first Clovis association with small animals, camel, and tapir. In addition to the obvious artifact remains, an inter-disciplinary group of scientists including archaeologists, botanists, geochronologists, geologists, paleontologists, palynologists, and zoologists have studied and interpreted a wide range of data from the site.^[2]

References

^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
^ ^a ^b Bureau of Land Management-Lehner Mammoth Kill Site. This article incorporates public domain text from this US government website.
^ Haury, Emil W., "The Lehner Mammoth Site", Kiva, vol. 21, no. 3/4, pp. 23–24, 1956
^ Haury, Emil W., et al., "The Lehner Mammoth Site, Southeastern Arizona", American Antiquity, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 2–30, 1959
^ LANCE, J. F., "Faunal remains from the Lehner mammoth site", Am Antiq., vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 35–42 1959
^ Antevs, Ernst, "Geological Age of the Lehner Mammoth Site", American Antiquity, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 31–34, 1959
^ Mehringer, Peter J., and C. Vance Haynes, "The Pollen Evidence for the Environment of Early Man and Extinct Mammals at the Lehner Mammoth Site, Southeastern Arizona", American Antiquity, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 17–23, 1965
^ Mead, Jim I., et al., "A Late Pleistocene Mastodon (Mammut Americanum) from the Lehner Site, Southeastern Arizona", The Southwestern Naturalist, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 231–38, 1979

External links

Arizonan Lives With Mammoths in His Back Yard - Los Angeles Times - LEO W. BANKS - Dec. 27, 1990
Obituary, Edward Lehner (1914–2003)

Excavations at the Lehner site, 1955, with the bone bed well exposed

[nris-1] "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.

[BLM-2] Bureau of Land Management-Lehner Mammoth Kill Site. This article incorporates public domain text from this US government website.

[3] Haury, Emil W., "The Lehner Mammoth Site", Kiva, vol. 21, no. 3/4, pp. 23–24, 1956

[4] Haury, Emil W., et al., "The Lehner Mammoth Site, Southeastern Arizona", American Antiquity, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 2–30, 1959

[5] LANCE, J. F., "Faunal remains from the Lehner mammoth site", Am Antiq., vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 35–42 1959

[6] Antevs, Ernst, "Geological Age of the Lehner Mammoth Site", American Antiquity, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 31–34, 1959

[7] Mehringer, Peter J., and C. Vance Haynes, "The Pollen Evidence for the Environment of Early Man and Extinct Mammals at the Lehner Mammoth Site, Southeastern Arizona", American Antiquity, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 17–23, 1965

[8] Mead, Jim I., et al., "A Late Pleistocene Mastodon (Mammut Americanum) from the Lehner Site, Southeastern Arizona", The Southwestern Naturalist, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 231–38, 1979

[1]

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Periods Lithic Archaic Formative Classic Post-Classic
Archaeological cultures	Adena Alachua Ancient Beringian Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi) Anishinaabe Avonlea Baytown Belle Glade Buttermilk Creek complex Caborn-Welborn Cades Pond Calf Creek Caloosahatchee Clovis Coles Creek Comondú Deptford Folsom Fort Ancient Fort Walton Fremont Glacial Kame Glades Hohokam Hopewell List of Hopewell sites La Jolla Las Palmas Maritime Archaic Mississippian List of Mississippian sites Mogollon Monongahela Old Cordilleran Oneota Paleo-Arctic Paleo-Indians Patayan Plano Plaquemine Poverty Point Red Ocher Safety Harbor Santa Rosa-Swift Creek St. Johns Steed-Kisker Suwannee Valley Tchefuncte Troyville Weeden Island
Archaeological sites	Angel Mounds Anzick site Bandelier National Monument Bastian Benson Blue Spring Shelter Bluefish Caves The Bluff Point Stoneworks Brewster Cahokia Candelaria Cave Casa Grande Chaco Canyon Coso Rock Art District Crystal River Cuarenta Casas Cueva de la Olla Cutler Eaker El Fin del Mundo El Vallecito Effigy Mounds Etowah Indian Mounds Eva Folsom Fort Ancient Fort Center Fort Juelson Four Mounds Gila Cliff Dwellings Glenwood Grimes Point Helen Blazes Holly Bluff Hopewell Culture National Historical Park Horr's Island Huápoca Key Marco Kimball Village Kincaid Mounds Kolomoki Mounds Lake Jackson Mounds Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site L'Anse aux Meadows Lynch Quarry Site Marksville Marmes Rockshelter Meadowcroft Rockshelter Mesa Verde Moaning Cavern Moorehead Circle Morrison Mounds Moundville Mummy Cave Nodena site Ocmulgee Mounds Old Stone Fort Orwell site Paquime Painted Bluff Parkin Park Pinson Mounds Plum Bayou Mounds Portsmouth Earthworks Poverty Point Pueblo Bonito Rassawek Recapture Canyon River Styx Roberts Island Rock Eagle Rock Hawk Rosenstock Village Russell Cave Salmon Ruins Serpent Mound Sierra de San Francisco Shell ring sites Spiro Mounds Stallings Island SunWatch Taos Pueblo Town Creek Indian Mound Turkey River Mounds Upward Sun River Velda Mound West Oak Forest Earthlodge Wickiup Hill Windover Winterville Wupatki
Human remains	Anzick-1 Arlington Springs Man Buhl Woman Kennewick Man La Brea Woman Leanderthal Lady Melbourne Man Minnesota Woman Peñon woman Spirit Cave mummy Vero man
Miscellaneous	Aridoamerica Ballgame Black drink Ceremonial pipe Chanunpa Chunkey Clovis point Container Revolution Eastern Agricultural Complex Eden point Effigy mound Falcon dancer Folsom point Green Corn Ceremony Horned Serpent Kiva Medicine wheel Metallurgy Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing Mound Builders N.A.G.P.R.A. Norse colonization of North America Oasisamerica Piasa Projectile point Southeastern Ceremonial Complex Stickball Three Sisters agriculture Thunderbird Transoceanic contact Underwater panther Water glyphs
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