Little Salt Spring

Little Salt Spring
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Little Salt Spring in November 2006
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Location	North Port, Florida, U.S.
Coordinates	27°4′29″N 82°14′0″W / 27.07472°N 82.23333°W / 27.07472; -82.23333
NRHP reference No.	79000692[1]
Added to NRHP	July 10, 1979

Little Salt Spring is an archaeological and paleontological site in North Port, Florida. The site has been owned by the University of Miami since 1980^[2][3] with research performed there by the university's Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science.

Little Salt Spring is a feature of the karst topography of Florida, specifically an example of a sinkhole. It is classified as a third magnitude spring.^[4] The numerous deep vents at the bottom of the sinkhole feed oxygen-depleted groundwater into it, producing an anoxic environment below a depth of about 5 m (16.4 ft).^[4] This fosters the preservation of Paleo-Indian and early Archaic artifacts and ecofacts, as well as fossil bones of the extinct megafauna once found in Florida.^[5][6][7]

Little Salt Spring was considered a shallow freshwater pond, but in 1959 SCUBA divers William Royal and Eugenie Clark discovered that it was a true sinkhole extending downward over 200 ft (61 m),^[4][8] similar to the cenotes of the Yucatán Peninsula (another karst region). The actual depth of the surface pond is forty feet (12.2 m) with a central shaft dropping vertically to an inverted cone with a maximum determined depth at the outer edges of 245 feet (75 m). There are ledges around the wall of the cenote at 16 and 27 meters (52 and 89 feet) below the present water level.

The water level in the spring has varied over time. Twelve to thirteen thousand years ago the ocean level was about 100 meters (more than 300 feet) lower than at present, drawing down the water table in Florida, and the water level in Little Salt Spring was 27 meters (89 feet) lower than at present. The basin around the spring and a slough extending away from it are filled with moist, soft peat.

On July 10, 1979, the site was added to the National Register of Historic Places.^[2] In 2013, the University of Miami began considering selling the site to Sarasota County Government, due to funding being cut towards maintaining the site and its facilities.^[9]

Hundreds of burials dating from 5,200 to 6,800 years ago have been found in the slough. As has happened in other wetland burials in Florida, such as at the Windover Archaeological Site, brain matter survived in many of the skulls. In the 1970s the overturned shell of an extinct giant land tortoise was found on the 27-meter (89 ft) ledge. A wooden stake had been driven between the carapace and the plastron, and there is evidence of a fire under the tortoise. It appears that the tortoise had been cooked in its shell. The radiocarbon date for the wooden stake was 12,030 years ago; a bone from the tortoise was dated to 13,450 years ago. Large numbers of human bones have been recovered from the spring, but were not collected under controlled conditions.^[10]

• List of sinkholes of the United States

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Little Salt Spring.

• Sarasota County listings at National Register of Historic Places
• Sarasota County listings at Florida's Office of Cultural and Historical Programs
• Little Salt Spring at the Marine Affairs and Policy Division of Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science at the University of Miami