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Whale Wars

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Whale Wars
Title screenshot of season 2.
GenreReality
Developed byCharlie Foley
Starring
Narrated byJason Hildebrandt
Theme music composerBilly Corgan
Opening theme"Bullet with Butterfly Wings" by The Smashing Pumpkins
ComposerDavid Vanacore
Country of originUnited States
Original languageEnglish
No. of seasons7
No. of episodes61 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producers
Production locationSouthern Ocean
CinematographyRobert G. Case
Running time43 minutes (regular)
Production companies
Original release
NetworkAnimal Planet
ReleaseNovember 7, 2008 (2008-11-07) –
January 2, 2015 (2015-01-02)

Whale Wars was a weekly American documentary-style reality television series that premiered on November 7, 2008 on the Animal Planet cable channel. The program follows Paul Watson, founder of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, as he and the crew aboard their various vessels attempted to stop the killing of whales by Japanese vessels (whalers) off the coast of Antarctica.[1]

History

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See also: Sea Shepherd Conservation Society operations, Whaling controversy, and anti-whaling

In 2007, Discovery Channel began production of a reality show which would cover the activities of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society's campaign against Japanese whaling in the Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary off the coast of Antarctica.[2] The Japanese claim that their whaling is legally permitted research, which Sea Shepherd and others contend is a cover for banned commercial whaling.[3] Sea Shepherd has been both criticized and praised for tactics of direct action sabotage which include throwing stink bombs of butyric acid, as well as ramming, boarding, and otherwise attempting to disable the Japanese vessels.[4]

The program premiered on November 7, 2008, on the Animal Planet cable channel and follows events on the vessel MY Steve Irwin as the group attempts to deter the hunting of minke, humpback and fin whales in the Southern Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, and North Atlantic.[2] The show came at a time when Animal Planet was being re-branded to attract broader audiences and compete with non-animal-centric programming.[5]

On November 6, 2014 Animal Planet announced a special three-part presentation that aired on December 28, 2014 as part of its "Month-Long Freeview".[6]

Episodes

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Main article: List of Whale Wars episodes
Season Episodes Original air dates
Total Specials Season premiere Season finale
1 7 — November 7, 2008 (2008-11-07) December 19, 2008 (2008-12-19)
2 11 — June 5, 2009 (2009-06-05) August 21, 2009 (2009-08-21)
3 14 1[7] June 4, 2010 (2010-06-04) August 27, 2010 (2010-08-27)
4 12 2[7] June 3, 2011 (2011-06-03) August 12, 2011 (2011-08-12)
Viking Shores[a] 5 — April 27, 2012 (2012-04-27) May 18, 2012 (2012-05-18)
5 8 — June 1, 2012 (2012-06-01) July 20, 2012 (2012-07-20)
6 1[b] — December 13, 2013 (2013-12-13)
7 3 — January 2, 2015 (2015-01-02)
Other episodes 2 — — —
Notes
  1. ^ Spin-off series
  2. ^ Season consisted of a single two-hour episode

Synopsis

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Season one

[edit]
MY Steve Irwin arriving in Melbourne, 2008.

The 2007–08 Antarctic campaign was named Operation Migaloo, after the only known albino humpback in the world. This campaign was the focus of the first season of Whale Wars, which premiered on November 7, 2008.

On January 15, 2008, after attempting to entangle the whaling vessel's propeller and throwing containers of butyric acid onto the decks,[8] two Sea Shepherd members, Benjamin Potts and Giles Lane, from the Sea Shepherd vessel MY Steve Irwin boarded the Japanese whaling vessel Yushin Maru No. 2 from a rigid-hulled inflatable boat. The pair were delivering a letter advising the Japanese that they were "whaling illegally"[9] with the hope of creating an international incident.[10] The Japanese responded by saying that the men would be held until Sea Shepherd stopped what they called "dangerous and illegal activities".[11]

The crew of the Yushin Maru No. 2 detained the men for two days, before turning them over to the Australian customs vessel MV Oceanic Viking on the orders of Japanese authorities;[9] subsequently, the Steve Irwin rendezvoused with the Oceanic Viking and the two crew-members were returned to Sea Shepherd.[8][12][13] On April 9, first mate Peter Brown was described in a newspaper article as saying that the incident only became a hostage situation because the Sea Shepherd vessel left the scene, so the Japanese would be forced to hold the two crewmen longer. He was quoted as saying, "It's all giant street theater."[14]

On March 3, Sea Shepherd members threw bottles of butyric acid and packages of slippery methyl cellulose powder onto the Japanese vessel Nisshin Maru. Australian foreign minister Stephen Smith condemned Sea Shepherd's actions for potentially causing injury[15] The Japanese Government called in the Australian and Dutch ambassadors to protest the actions and urge those countries to prevent any violence.[16] Watson said: "They are so full of crap. We filmed and photographed the entire thing. Not a single thing landed anywhere near their crew ... It is their way of trying to get sympathy."[17]

The International Whaling Commission issued a statement on March 8, 2008 that "called upon the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society to refrain from dangerous actions that jeopardise safety at sea, and on vessels and crews concerned to exercise restraint."[18] The statement also reiterated earlier IWC resolutions from May and July 2007 that read in part, "The commission and its contracting governments do not condone and in fact condemn any actions that are a risk to human life and property in relation to the activities of vessels at sea."[19][20] The Australian Government also called for all parties to "exercise restraint" and "responsible behaviour" in the Southern Ocean.[21]

On March 17, 2008 Paul Watson claimed that he was shot by the Japanese crew or coast guard personnel during the campaign. The incident is heavily documented during the show in the final episode, and the first six episodes are covered as a buildup to what is portrayed as the major incident during the campaign. The footage in Whale Wars shows Watson standing on the deck of the Steve Irwin while Sea Shepherd crew throws glass bottles filled with butyric acid at the Nisshin Maru whaling vessel. The Japanese respond by throwing flashbang devices. Watson is then shown reaching inside his jacket and bullet-proof vest and remarking "I've been hit." Back inside the bridge of the Steve Irwin, a metal fragment is found inside the vest.[22] The Institute of Cetacean Research has dismissed Sea Shepherd's statements as lies. The Institute and Coast Guard said that they used seven flashbang devices designed to flash and make noise in the air without causing harm.[23] Neither of the two conflicting accounts has been independently verified. The Australian Foreign Affairs Department had condemned "actions by crew members of any vessel that cause injury". Two media releases were made on the same day from the office. One said that the Australian Embassy in Tokyo had been informed by the Japanese that the whalers had "fired warning shots"[24] while the updated version used the phrase "'warning balls' – also known as 'flashbangs' – had been fired", and that no gunshots had occurred.[25]

Season two

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The 2008/09 Antarctic campaign was named Operation Musashi after the 17th-century Japanese strategist Miyamoto Musashi.[26] On December 4, 2008, actress Daryl Hannah joined Sea Shepherd's crew aboard the Steve Irwin to take part in this season's operation.[27]

On February 6, 2009, Watson reported that the Steve Irwin had collided with the Yūshin Maru No. 2 as the Steve Irwin tried to block its attempt to prevent the transfer of a dead whale up the slipway of the factory ship Nisshin Maru. As Watson explained the incident, "We were in the process of blocking the transfer from the Yūshin Maru No. 2 when the Yushin Maru 1 moved directly in front of the bow to block us. I could not turn to starboard without hitting the Yushin Maru 1. I tried to back down but the movement of the Yūshin Maru No. 2 made the collision unavoidable."[28] The Japanese whalers blamed Sea Shepherd for the crash, characterizing the incident as a "deliberate ramming".[29][30] The collision was filmed by cameramen for the Whale Wars reality series,[31] and formed part of a multi-day conflict during which Sea Shepherd attempted to prevent the Japanese fleet from harpooning whales, respectively tried to block whales from being transferred to the factory ship for processing by blockading the Japanese' vessel's slipway. The Japanese made extensive use of LRADs to deter Sea Shepherd. They were also accused of aiming the device at the Steve Irwin's helicopter while in flight, something the group especially condemned, seeing that the helicopter was only engaged in filming, and could have crashed if the pilot had lost control.[32]

Season three

[edit]
The MY Bob Barker docked in Hobart, Tasmania.
The MY Ady Gil docked in Hobart, Tasmania.

At the start of the campaign, Marjorie Kaplan, president and general manager of Animal Planet, said in a news release: "The issues surrounding whaling in the Southern Ocean are important and complex. The majesty of these beautiful creatures and the lengths to which the Sea Shepherds will go in order to prevent whaling has made Whale Wars intense and vital television." She also said that Japan had denied requests to film on their vessels.[33]

In June 2009, Sea Shepherd announced its 2009/10 Antarctic campaign, called Operation Waltzing Matilda.[34] The campaign would include the record-breaking Earthrace vessel, now renamed Ady Gil in honor of the benefactor who helped acquire the vessel for Sea Shepherd.[35] The Ady Gil was a futuristic styled ship that held the world record for circumnavigation of the globe by a motorized vessel. The eco-friendly vessel usually ran on a low emission fuel "derived mainly from animal fat, soybeans or other forms of bio-diesel"[36] but was forced by operational reasons to switch to petroleum diesel.[37] Pete Bethune, the operator, said that an agreement was reached with Sea Shepherd for the boat to adopt a support role.[38][39]

In December Paul Watson and his crew of 40 left with the Steve Irwin from Fremantle, Australia, and Ady Gil left from Hobart, Tasmania. It was well publicized that the Sea Shepherds had added more vessel firepower to keep up with the larger, faster and more numerous whaling vessels. What they kept secret, however, was that Bob Barker, famous for "The Price Is Right" and one of the best-known personalities in the world of animal activism, donated funds to purchase a third vessel to add to the Sea Shepherd's fleet. Ironically, the ship is a former Norwegian whaling vessel but has since been renamed and refitted. With a crew of 26 and led by Chuck Swift and first officer and Whale Wars veteran Peter Hammarstedt, the MY Bob Barker was docked off the coast of Africa on the island nation of the Republic of Mauritius, until it was ready to join its Sea Shepherd colleagues and engage in a surprise "engagement" to stop whaling.

On January 6, 2010, the Ady Gil was rammed by the Japanese security vessel, the Shonan Maru No. 2. The vessel was sliced in half, and later sank. In response, Bethune boarded the Shonan Maru No. 2 via jet-ski. The ship sailed back to Japan, where Bethune was detained by the Japanese Coast Guard for boarding a vessel without due, illegal possession of a knife, destruction of property, assault, and obstruction of business. He was then imprisoned in the Tokyo Detention Center before being sent back to New Zealand. During his time in the Tokyo Detention Center, Bethune was expelled from Sea Shepherd.

Season four

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The MV Gojira docked in Hobart, Tasmania.

In season four, Sea Shepherd's "Operation No Compromise"[40] started with the whaling season in early December 2010, and lasted through February 2011 at which point the Japanese ceased whaling operations.[41] The episodes began airing on Animal Planet on June 3, 2011. The campaign included a new interceptor vessel joining the Sea Shepherd fleet – MV Gojira (or Godzilla) – replacing the role of the Ady Gil.[42][43] Sea Shepherd pilot Chris Aultman also received a larger, faster, and longer range MD 500 5-seat helicopter to replace his previous aircraft, a 3-seat Sikorsky S-300.

Season five

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On December 27, 2011, Animal Planet renewed the series for a fifth season[44] for the Antarctic / Southern Ocean campaign dubbed "Operation Divine Wind", which ran from December 16, 2011 to March 14, 2012.[45] The campaign (Season 5) was televised in June 2012 on Animal Planet. It debuted on June 1, 2012 and was preceded by a one-hour documentary called Whale Wars: Battle Scars which highlighted the previous seasons and set the stage for the new season. During this season, the Gojira was renamed the Bridgette Bardot.

Season six

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On September 20, 2012 Paul Watson began marshaling resources for another campaign named 'Zero Tolerance', which was launched in November 2012 and lasted into March 2013. Airing of the proceedings of operation 'Zero Tolerance' for the sixth season of Whale Wars began in December 2013.[46] The two-hour special was the only episode for the sixth season.[47] Season 6 was in part produced and shot by Erin Calmes of Keta Films on board the Steve Irwin.[48]

Season seven

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Season seven consisted of three one-hour episodes, all airing on January 2, 2015 on Animal Planet. The season chronicled "Operation Relentless" campaign in the Southern Ocean to stop whale hunting. The story follows Peter Hammarstedt as a captain in the Sea Shepherd fleet. The show is based on 3,000 hours of footage that were shot on location near Antarctica. One of the producers of this season said that “this is the most emotional season of Whale Wars...the dynamics of the crew totally change this season because Paul's not on the boat. And that's really interesting to watch.”[49]

Cast

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The cast of Whale Wars varies from season to season. This list is limited to captains of the vessels shown in the series and those who boarded Japanese vessels during the series.

Name Country Role in the program Notes Source(s)
Paul Watson Canada Former Captain of MY Steve Irwin and "Admiral" of the fleet Founder of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. One source claims that he did not hold a valid captain's license as of November 2007. He stepped down before the January 2013 whaling season due to legal troubles. [50][51]
Peter Hammarstedt Sweden
United Kingdom 		Captain of the MY Bob Barker Former First Mate of Bob Barker. [50]
Chuck Swift USA Captain of the Bob Barker (2010) [citation needed]
Pete Bethune New Zealand Former Captain of Ady Gil (2010) Detained after boarding Shōnan Maru 2 to conduct a citizen's arrest on the Captain for the destruction of his vessel, Ady Gil. [citation needed]
Alex Cornelissen Netherlands Captain of Bob Barker Joined in 2002 and was Captain of RV Farley Mowat, currently captain of Bob Barker [citation needed]
Lockhart MacLean France Captain of the MV Brigitte Bardot Former first mate of Steve Irwin [citation needed]
Siddharth Chakravarty India Captain of Steve Irwin [citation needed]
Jonathan Renecle South Africa Captain of the Brigitte Bardot [citation needed]
Benjamin "Pottsy" Potts Australia Chief Cook & Helicopter Assistant, later bosun on Bob Barker One of the two crew-members who boarded a Japanese whaling vessel Yūshin Maru No. 2. [citation needed]
Giles Lane United Kingdom Helicopter assistant One of the two crew-members who boarded a Japanese whaling vessel Yūshin Maru No. 2. [citation needed]

Critical reception

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Whale Wars became a hit for the channel and has received mostly positive reviews. While discussing the high ratings, the president and general manager of Animal Planet said that the show was a "great example of where we wanted to go into competitive adult TV".[5] Review aggregation site Metacritic has scored Whale Wars 71 out of 100 based on 6 reviews.[52] Neil Genzlinger of the New York Times wrote: "Whale Wars splashes across the increasingly exhausted genre of people-at-work reality series like icy seawater, jolting you awake with a frothy, briny burst of — well, you get the idea. This is one spunky show."[53]

The show has also been criticized for being biased, and the Sea Shepherd crew has been ridiculed. Nancy Dewolf Smith of The Wall Street Journal wrote: "What is shocking at first is how unprepared most of these people are for their self-appointed mission as planet savers. Although the word "deadly" is used often to underscore the risks the crew face, alone out in the wild Antarctic seas – their own incompetence can seem the most frightening."[54] The satirists of South Park spoofed the show and the Japanese whalers in the 11th episode of season 13, as "Whale Whores". When Stan Marsh takes command of the ship, a fictional news headline states: "Whale Wars Gets Better: Things Actually Happen!"[55][56][57][58] David Hinckley of the New York Daily News wrote: "Because the cameras obviously operate from the conservation ship ... we get all the drama on this side and virtually none on the other."[59] Marjorie Kaplan, president and general manager of Animal Planet, says that they have requested access to the Japanese ships for filming but have repeatedly been declined.[33]

Spin-offs

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In March 2012, Animal Planet announced a five-part spin-off titled Whale Wars: Viking Shores which followed Sea Shepherd operations to stop traditional whaling in the Faroe Islands in a mission dubbed "Operation Ferocious Isles" by Sea Shepherd. The series premiered on April 27, 2012.[60] It was preceded by a single-episode documentary called Operation Bluefin which followed Sea Shepherd as they attempted to intervene in what they claimed was illegal poaching of Atlantic bluefin tuna in the Mediterranean Sea during the Libyan Civil War in 2011.

A second documentary, Seal Wars, followed members of Sea Shepherd as they attempted to intervene against seal hunting activities on the beaches of Namibia. It aired on the evening of June 8, 2012 prior to the second episode in the fifth season of Whale Wars.

References

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  1. ^ "Nail Wars: About the Series". Animal Planet. Retrieved November 4, 2008.
  2. ^ a b "Paul Watson: Sea Shepherd eco-warrior fighting to stop whaling and seal hunts". London: Telegraph.co.uk. April 17, 2009. Archived from the original on April 20, 2009. Retrieved July 15, 2009.
  3. ^ Larter, Paul (February 8, 2008). "Australia condemns bloody killing of whale and calf by Japanese fleet". London: Times Newspapers Ltd.[dead link]
  4. ^ Parry, Lloyd (February 9, 2007). "Whalers aid in Antarctic rescue of environmentalists". London: Times Online. Retrieved June 8, 2009.[dead link]
  5. ^ a b Kaufman, Amy (June 4, 2010). "'Whale Wars' Captain Paul Watson swims with the pod". The Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 27, 2013. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
  6. ^ "Animal Planet – Details". Retrieved November 29, 2014.
  7. ^ a b "Shows A-Z — whale wars on animal planet". thefutoncritic.com. Retrieved August 14, 2011.
  8. ^ a b Japan to release whaling activists, IHT/Asahi, January 17, 2008
  9. ^ a b Canada.com http://www.canada.com/theprovince/news/story.html?id=c7ce489e-4757-460a-ab8c-4d7b8aee655b Accessed 090906
  10. ^ "Nothing's Ideal". Whale Wars. Series 102. November 14, 2008. Animal Planet.
  11. ^ "Activists will be held until demands met – Japan". Stuff.co.nz. AAP. Retrieved December 3, 2011.
  12. ^ "Anti-whaling activists handed over to Australian vessel". Japan News Review. Retrieved January 17, 2008.
  13. ^ Sullivan, Rohan. "Japan to release anti-whaling activists". FOXNews / AP. Archived from the original on January 18, 2008. Retrieved March 22, 2003.
  14. ^ Fraser, Doug (April 9, 2008). "Cape man fights whalers". Cape Cod Times. Archived from the original on May 26, 2010.
  15. ^ "Australia condemns 'stink bomb' protest – National". BrisbaneTimes. March 3, 2008. Retrieved January 10, 2010.
  16. ^ "Japan summons Aussie diplomat over alleged acid attack". The Courier-Mail. AFP. March 3, 2008. Retrieved December 3, 2011.
  17. ^ Darby, Andrew (March 3, 2008). "Sea Shepherd activists attack Japanese whaler". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved June 4, 2009.
  18. ^ "Chair's Report of the Intersessional Meeting on the Future of IWC" (PDF) (Press release). International Whaling Commission. March 8, 2008. Retrieved November 25, 2008.
  19. ^ "IWC condemns Sea Shepherd's actions". Associated Press. March 10, 2008.
  20. ^ 2007 Resolutions. Anchorage, USA: International Whaling Commission. May 2007. Retrieved June 12, 2009.
  21. ^ Australia calls for responsible behaviour in the Southern Ocean, press release of the Australian government / Australian embassy in Japan, December 11, 2008. Retrieved January 9, 2010.
  22. ^ "Protester says whalers shot him". BBC News. March 7, 2008. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
  23. ^ "Japan denies Sea Shepherd claims". The Sydney Morning Herald. AAP. March 7, 2008. Retrieved December 3, 2011.
  24. ^ Incident in the Southern Ocean (media release, website of the Australian Minister of Foreign Affairs, March 7, 2008. Retrieved January 9, 2010.
  25. ^ Incident in the Southern Ocean – Update (media release, website of the Australian Minister of Foreign Affairs, March 7, 2008. Retrieved January 9, 2010.
  26. ^ "Operation Musashi: Antarctic Whale Defense Campaign 2008–09" (Press release). Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. October 22, 2008. Retrieved November 22, 2008.
  27. ^ McGuirk, Rob. "Activists vows to protect whales from Japanese", Associated Press, December 3, 2008. Retrieved on December 5, 2008.
  28. ^ Perry, Michael (February 5, 2009). "Anti-whaling protest ship collides with Japanese whaler". Reuters. Retrieved June 15, 2009.
  29. ^ "Tensions high as protest boat, whalers collide in Antarctic sea". CBC News. Associated Press. February 6, 2009. Retrieved June 15, 2009.
  30. ^ 2009.2.6 Dutch vessel rams Japanese ship for second time (Part.2) New footage from the Yushin Maru No.3's crow nest (video). Institute of Cetacean Research. 2009.
  31. ^ Thomas, Pete (February 6, 2009). "Whale war between Japan and Sea Shepherd becomes increasingly confrontational". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 15, 2009.
  32. ^ Sea Shepherd Battles Japanese Whalers in the Ross Sea – Sundance Channel, February 7, 2009
  33. ^ a b Thomas, Pete (December 8, 2009). "New 'Whale Wars' season begins as Sea Shepherd seeks Japanese fleet". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 8, 2009.
  34. ^ Alexander, Cathy (June 25, 2009). "Sea Shepherd ships to track whalers". WA Today.
  35. ^ "Ady Gil". Sea Shepherd. October 17, 2009. Retrieved January 10, 2010.
  36. ^ "Earthrace on round-the-world record bid". Arabnews.com. Retrieved January 10, 2010.
  37. ^ "Clean Sky – Carbon offset programs for a cleaner sky". Retrieved November 29, 2014.
  38. ^ "Futuristic boat to join whale protest". The Age. June 29, 2009. Retrieved September 30, 2009.
  39. ^ Darby, Andrew (June 29, 2009). "Wail for whales: stealth boat to blast Japanese". The Age. Melbourne. Retrieved November 30, 2009.
  40. ^ SeaShepherd.org Press Release "Defending the Integrity of the Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary" – August 23, 2010
  41. ^ Guardian "Japan suspends whale hunt after 'harassment' by activists" – Retrieved June 25, 2011
  42. ^ GrindTV.com – "Japanese whalers to face new enemy in Godzilla" – November 29, 2010
  43. ^ Jerga, Josh (November 29, 2010). "Japanese whalers to be chased by Godzilla". The Daily Telegraph. AAP. Retrieved December 3, 2011.
  44. ^ "'Whale Wars' Renewed for 5th Season". Reuters. December 27, 2011. Retrieved January 2, 2012.
  45. ^ SeaShepherd.org – Operation Divine Wind: 2011–2012 Antarctic Whale Defense Campaign – March 14, 2012
  46. ^ "Tijdlijnfoto's – Captain Paul Watson". Facebook. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
  47. ^ ""Whale Wars" Returns To Animal Planet In A Two-Hour Television Event Chronicling The Sea Shepherds' Toughest Campaign Yet : Discovery Press Web". Press.discovery.com. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
  48. ^ Making ‘Whale Wars’ Happen. 18 December 2014.
  49. ^ "Whale Wars season 7: more episodes, more emotion". reality blurred. January 2, 2015. Retrieved August 16, 2024.
  50. ^ a b Morabito, Andrea (December 12, 2013). "Paul Watson Steps Down". NYP Holdings, Inc. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
  51. ^ Khatchadourian, Raffi (November 5, 2007). "Neptune's Navy: Paul Watson's Wild Crusade to Save the Oceans". The New Yorker. Retrieved July 21, 2012.
  52. ^ "Whale Wars – Reviews from Metacritic". Metacritic. Retrieved June 7, 2009.
  53. ^ Genzlinger, Neil (November 9, 2008). "Television Review: 'Whale Wars' – Hunting the People Who Hunt the Whales". The New York Times.
  54. ^ Dewolf Smith, Nancy (November 7, 2008). "Television – Surprising Adventures". The Wall Street Journal.
  55. ^ Murphy, Dan (October 29, 2009). "South Park puts spotlight on Paul Watson and his "Whale Wars"". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
  56. ^ "Whale Whores". South Park. Season 13. Episode 11. Comedy Central.
  57. ^ staff writer (October 29, 2009). "South Park "Whale Whores" Manages To Hilariously Offend Everyone Equally". ecorazzi. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
  58. ^ Loubet, Michel Loubet (October 30, 2009). "Whaling, comedy and eco-terrorism". Fish Information and Services. Archived from the original on July 11, 2011. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
  59. ^ Hinckley, David (November 6, 2008). "Television Review – 'Whale Wars' reality show gets a sea-plus". NY Daily News. New York.
  60. ^ "Discovery Press – 'Whale Wars: Viking Shores'". March 30, 2012.
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