Younian dialect

Younian dialect
Younian dialect
Native to	China
Region	广西壮族自治区 Longsheng County [zh]
Ethnicity	Hongyao Pinghua [zh]（优念）
Native speakers	(about <10000 cited 1997)
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Sinitic Chinese Pinghua Northern Pinghua [zh] Younian dialect; ; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
	This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

The Younian dialect (Chinese: 优念话; pinyin: Yōuniànhuà) is a dialect of Northern Pinghua spoken in northern Guangxi. It is spoken by ethnic Red Yao people in Longsheng County, Guilin, Guangxi province. There were more than 10,000 native speakers in 1997. It has been documented in detail by Ouyang (2010).

Phonology

Initials

Different towns in Longsheng have different inventories of consonants, differing from 18 in Pannei township to more than 20 in Heping and Mati townships. The characters in this table are based on Heping township's dialect.^[1]

Younian Dialect Initials
		Labial	Alveolar		Alveolo-Palatal^{[Note 1]}	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
		Labial	plain	sibilant	Alveolo-Palatal^{[Note 1]}	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m 麦问米木	n 脑年南泥		ȵ 热蛾那燃	ɲ^{[Note 2]}	ŋ 月安岸岩
Plosive/ Affricate	voiceless	p 八兵爬牌	t 多甜早桃	ts 租竹主装	tɕ 张纸争齐		k 高击姜劲
Plosive/ Affricate	aspirated	pʰ^{[Note 3]} 派劈拼片	tʰ 讨天刺字	tsʰ 茶柱抄春	tɕʰ 拆车棋渠		kʰ 权开庆轻
Continuant	voiceless	f 副饭飞灰	ɬ^{[Note 4]} 丝三酸想	s 船山床县	ɕ 响凶形惜		x^{[Note 1]}好获形合	h
Continuant	voiced	v^{[Note 1]}王黄放用	l 绿乱来烂			j^{[Note 5]}
Zero initial		∅ 云荣劲益

Heping has /x/ but no /h/, Pannei has /h/ but no /x/, and Mati has both.

Finals

Heping Township Finals
		i-	u-	y-
∅		i 哪支眉芝	u 徒猪浮富	y 写舒殊吕
a	a 巴花夹杂	ia 爷客沾孩	ua 瓜瓦滑画
o	o 他哭可竹	io 药肉六薄
e	e 雪特力角	ie 者接业热	ue 决坑坑	ye 月阅绝
u		iu 椒表苗尿
ai	ai 大牙台累		uai 坏怀快块
ei	ei 碎米细泥		uei 杯税每类
i			ui 火劈斧
au	au 桃豆酒猴	iau
eu	eu 多坐告稍	ieu九疗休柔
an	an 三斩犯懒	ian茎银烟仍	uan含敢汗岸	yan 愿援远泉
en	en根尊针跟	in尖严点钱	uen 全砖船文	yin 元原券权
aŋ	aŋ帮讲康冈	iaŋ让向江争	uaŋ 创状壮撞
eŋ	eŋ 朋肯恒晴		oŋ 东葱风东	ioŋ 梁张箱唱
ŋ	ŋ̩ 五午无

References

^ Mao Zongwu [毛宗武]. 2007. Younuoyu yanjiu (A Study of Younuo) [优诺语研究]. Beijing: Ethnic Publishing House [民族出版社]. p.1.

^ ^a ^b ^c Absent in the dialect of Pannei township.
^ Only found in the Pannei dialect.
^ Not present in Mati township dialect.
^ This sound is also transcribed as /l̥/
^ /j/ is an allophone of the zero initial in Mati and Heping township dialects, or of /i/ after the zero initial.

^ 欧阳澜 (2012-04-28). "广西龙胜和平乡红瑶优念话音系". 湖北第二师范学院学报 (12): 46–51. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-344X.2011.12.012. Archived from the original on 2019-02-22. Retrieved 2018-11-13.

Ōuyáng, Lán 欧阳澜. 2010. Guǎngxī lóngshèng hépíng xiāng yōuniànhuà yǔyīn cíhuì yánjiū 广西龙胜和平乡优念话语音词汇研究 [Research on the phonetics and vocabulary of Younianhua in Heping Town]. Doctoral dissertation, Guǎngxī Normal University 广西师范大学.
Li, Xinghui [李星辉]. 2018. Xiangan Jianghua Hanyu Tuhua yu Yaoyu bijiao yanjiu [湘南江华汉语土话与瑶语比较研究]. Beijing: Science Press [科学出版社]. ISBN 9787030577825

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[1] Mao Zongwu [毛宗武]. 2007. Younuoyu yanjiu (A Study of Younuo) [优诺语研究]. Beijing: Ethnic Publishing House [民族出版社]. p.1.

[:0-3] Absent in the dialect of Pannei township.

[4] Only found in the Pannei dialect.

[5] Not present in Mati township dialect.

[6] This sound is also transcribed as /l̥/

[7] /j/ is an allophone of the zero initial in Mati and Heping township dialects, or of /i/ after the zero initial.

[音系2-2] 欧阳澜 (2012-04-28). "广西龙胜和平乡红瑶优念话音系". 湖北第二师范学院学报 (12): 46–51. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-344X.2011.12.012. Archived from the original on 2019-02-22. Retrieved 2018-11-13.

[a]