Kansas

Kansas Chiu
*State of Kansas*
Kansas Chiu; State of Kansas
Chiu-kî	Chiu-chiong
	Chhiok-hō: Hiòng-ji̍t-kûi Chiu The Sunflower State (koan-hong);; Sió-be̍h Chiu The Wheat State
	Piau-gí: Ad astra per aspera (Latin, ì-sù sī "keng-le̍k kan-khó͘ tit tio̍h chheⁿ-táu")
	Map of the United States with Kansas highlighted
Koan-hong gí-giân	Eng-gí
Chū-bîn chheng-ho͘	Kansan (Eng-gí)
Siú-hú	Topeka
Siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī	Wichita
Siāng-tōa to͘-hōe	Kansas City To͘-chhī-khian (pō͘-hūn ùi chiu gōa)
Bīn-chek	Pâi-miâ tē-15
• Ha̍p-kè	82,277 sq mi ; (213,096 km2)
• Tang-sai khoah	417 lí (645 km)
• Lâm-pak khoah	211 lí (340 km)
• % chúi-bīn	0.56
• Hūi-tō͘	37° N to 40° N
• Keng-tō͘	94° 35′ W to 102° 3′ W
Jîn-kháu	Pâi-miâ tē-34
• Ha̍p-kè	2,904,021 (2014 nî ko͘)
• Bi̍t-tō͘	35.1/sq mi (13.5/km2); Pâi-miâ tē-40
• Hō͘-kháu siu-ji̍p tiong-ta̍t	$50,177 (tē-25)
Koân-tō͘
• Ko-tiám	Mount Sunflower; 4,041 ft (1232 m)
• Pêng-kin	2,000 ft (610 m)
• Kē-tiám	Verdigris River, oa̍h Oklahoma pian-kài; 679 ft (207 m)
Siat chiu chìn-chêng	Kansas Léng-thó͘
Sin chiu seng-li̍p	1861 nî 1 goe̍h 29 ji̍t (tē-34-ê)
Chiu-tiúⁿ	Sam Brownback (R)
Hù-chiu-tiúⁿ	Jeff Colyer (R)
Li̍p-hoat	Kansas Li̍p-hoat-hōe (legislature)
• Siōng-gī-īⁿ	Chham-gī-hōe
• Hā-gī-īⁿ	Chiòng-gī-hōe
Chham-gī-goân	Pat Roberts (R); Jerry Moran (R)
Chiòng-gī-īⁿ tāi-piáu	Tim Huelskamp (R); Lynn Jenkins (R); Kevin Yoder (R); Mike Pompeo (R) (lia̍t-toaⁿ)
Sî-khu
• Tōa-hūn	Central: UTC −6/−5
• Se-pō 4-ê kūn (Hamilton, Greeley, Wallace, kap Sherman)	Mountain: UTC −7/−6
ISO 3166	US-KS
Kán-siá	KS,
Bāng-chām	www.kansas.gov

Kansas sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t-ê chiu. Siú-hú tī Topeka. Siāng toā ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Wichita. Chiu lāi chóng jîn-kháu 290 bān chó͘-iū, biān-chek 213,096 pêng-hong kong-lí. Pún chiu tōa-pō͘-hūn sī Bí-kok keng-kòe 1804 nî Louisiana Bóe-tē tit tioh, āu-lâi tī 1854 nî sêng-lip Kansas Léng-thó͘, koh tī 1861 nî siat chò chit chiu.

Tē-lí

Kansas ê pak-pêng sī Nebraska; tang-pêng sī Missouri, lâm-pêng sī Oklahoma, sai-pêng sī Colorado. Kui chiu lóng-chóng hun 105-ê kūn. Tī tang-pak-pêng ê pian-kài, ū chha-put-to 121 kong-lí sī àn-chiàu Missouri Hô só͘ ōe. Kansas Hô (chāi-tē kiò "Kaw"), tī Kansas Chhī kap Missouri Hô sio-chiap. Tùi Colorado lâu--kòe-lâi ê Arkansas Hô mā ū keng-kòe Kansas chiu ê sai-pō͘ kap lâm-pō͘, ū 800 kong-lí tn̂g lóng tī Kansas chiu lāi.

Kansas tē-lí siōng siāng koân ê só͘-chāi sī Mount Sunflower, koân-tō͘ ū 1231 m. Bí-kok sòa-chiap (contiguous) thó͘-tē, iah chio̍h sī bô hâm Hawaii, Alaska kap kî-tha hái-gōa niá-thó͘, ê tē-lí-ha̍k tiong-sim sī tī pún chiu ê Lebanon siâⁿ, Kansas/Nebraska kài-sòaⁿ lâm-pêng tāi-iok 12 lí ê só͘-chāi. Kun-kù 1918 nî tiāu-cha keng-hūi-tō͘ sī 39°50′N 98°35′W, chóng-sī si̍t-chè tiong-sim sī sûi-sî siū hái-hōaⁿ-sòaⁿ téng-téng in-sò͘ piàn-tōng--ê.

Khì-hāu

Chú-iàu tī joa̍h-thiⁿ kap chhun-thiⁿ, Kansas in-ūi tú-hó tī bô-kâng khì-thoân sio-chiap ê só͘-chāi, chia sî-siông sán-seng toa-hong-hō͘, kî-tiong ū-ê koh ē ín-khí kńg-lê-á-hong, bí tang tāi-khài ū 50 pái.^[5]

Le̍k-sú

Kansas chá-liân sī Bí-chiu Goân-chū-bîn seng-oa̍h ê só͘-chāi. Kun-kù khó-kó gián-kiù, tāi-khài chêng 7000 nî ê sî, chá-kî lia̍h kó͘-chhiūⁿ (mammoth) ê Bí-chiu lâng chìn-ji̍p kàu Kansas. Tī chiu lāi, î-it khó-kó͘ chhōe tio̍h ê pueblo (Bí-chiu goân-chū-bîn ê chhī-ke) sī El Quartelejo.

Tāi-seng tī hiān-sî Kansas oa̍h-tāng ê Au-chiu-lâng sī Francisco Vásquez de Coronado, i tī 1541 nî lâi kàu tong-tē. 1803 nî, tōa-hūn ê hiān-tāi Kansas hō͘ Bí-kok keng-kòe Louisiana Bóe-tē (Louisiana Purchase) siu khì. Chóng-sī se-lâm-pō͘ kàu 1848 í-chêng iá koh sī Se-pan-gâ, Be̍k-se-ko kap Texas Kiōng-hô-kok ê léng-thó͘.

1812 ni kàu 1821 nî kî-kan, Kansas sī Missouri Léng-thó͘ (Missouri Territory) ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. Santa Fe Thong-lǒ͘ (Santa Fe Trail) tī 1821 kàu 1880 nî chi kan ū keng-kòe Kansas, ē-sái kap Missouri koh-ū New Mexico ū seng-lí lâi-óng.

1827 nî, Fort Leavenworth khí-chō, sī pe̍h-lâng tī chit ūi thâu chi̍t-ê tn̂g-kî ê chhī-ke. Āu-lâi Kansas–Nebraska Hoat-àn (Kansas–Nebraska Act) tī 1854 nî thong-kòe, Kansas Léng-thó͘ sêng-li̍p.

1861 nî, Kansas hòng-khì lō͘-lē chè-tō͘, piàn chò Bí-kok tē 34-ê chiu. 1863 nî, 8 goe̍h 21 ji̍t, Bí-kok Lōe-chiàn kî-kan, William Quantrill chhōa lâng thâi ji̍p Lawrence siâⁿ, chō-sêng pah kúi lâng sí-bông. Lōe-chiàn siang-hong lóng hoán-tùi i-ê hêng-tōng.

Lōe-chiàn kiat-sok liáu-āu, chin chōe O͘-lâng lî-khui Bí-kok lâm-pō͘, tī Kansas kiàn-li̍p siā-khu. Lēng-gōa Chisholm Thong-lō͘ (Chisholm Trail) ê khai-siat hō͘ Kansas chìn-ji̍p liáu Se-pō͘ sî-tāi.

1881 nî, Kansas tī Bí-kok kok chiú tiong thâu chi̍t-ê chiap-siū chi̍t kóa kàu-hōe ê iau-kiû kìm-chí chiú-lūi, kìm-lēng kàu 1948 nî ê sî hùi-tû.

Kansas sī 20 sè-k�� chá-kî chìn-pō͘ ūn-tōng (progressive movement) ê tiong-sim chit it.

Jîn-kháu

Kun-kù Bí-kok Phó͘-cha Kio̍k (United States Census Bureau) ê ko͘-sǹg, Kansas tī 2014 nî 7 goe̍h chhe jîn-khàu ū 2,904,021 lâng.

Tī 2010 nî ê chu-liāu tiong, Kansas 83.8% ê jîn-kháu sī pe̍h-lâng (kî-tiong 77.5% sī hui Se-pan-gâ hē); 5.9% sī O͘-lâng he̍k-chiá Hui-chiu-hē Bí-kok-lâng, 1% sī Bí-chiu goân-chū-bîn; koh ū 2.4% sī A-chiu-lâng.

Kun-kù 2014 nî Pew Gián-kiù Tiong-sim ê tiâu-cha, Kansas jîn-kháu tiong 76% sī Ki-tok-kàu, lāi-bīn koh ū 31% sī Ho̍k-im-phài Sin-kàu, 24% sī Chú-liû-phài Sin-kàu (Mainline Protestant), 2% sī O͘-lâng Sin-kàu, 18% sī Thian-chú-kàu, 1% sī Mormon, 1% sī Ia-hô-hoa Kiàn-chèng-jîn; lēng-gōa, hui-Ki-tok-kàu sìn-gióng chiàm 4%, bô tek-pia̍t sìn-gióng chiá chiàm 20%.^[6]

Keng-chè

Kansas tī 2015 nî ê GDP sī 149,641 pa̍h-bān bí-kim.^[7] Chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē lâng chò ê sán-gia̍p sī kiān-khong chiàu-kò͘ kap siā-hōe hû-chō͘ (health care and social assistance).^[8]

Chit chiu chú-iàu lông-sán ū gû, iûⁿ-á, be̍h-á, lô͘-sé, n̂g-tāu, mî-hoe, hoan-be̍h téng-téng. Tang-pō͘ sī Bí-kok chú-iàu ngó͘-kok ê sán-tē.

Kang-gia̍p hong-bīn, ū ūn-su lēng-kiāⁿ, hui-hêng-ki, si̍t-phín ka-kang, chhut-pán, hòa-ha̍k téng chhut-sán. Lēng-gōa, kansas mā sī Bí-kok sán chio̍h-iû pâi tē-8 ê chiu.

Tû-liáu tú khai-sí ê chhì-giām-tē í-gōa, Kansas City to͘-hōe-khu sī Google Fiber bāng-lō͘ hē-thóng tāi-seng khai-sí ho̍k-bū ê só͘-chāi^[9].

Kau-thong

Kansas ū nn̄g tiâu chiu-chè ko-sok-tō-lō͘ (Interstate Highway): I-70 kap I-35. I-70 chú-iàu sī tang-sai hong-hiòng, ē-tàng liân khì Colorado ê Denver kap Missouri ê Kansas City, keng-kòe ê chiu lāi siâⁿ-chhī ū Colby, Hays, Salina, Junction City, Topeka, Lawrence, Bonner Springs, kap Kansas City. Nā I-35 sī lâm-pak hiòng, liân khì Oklahoma ê Oklahoma City kap Iowa ê Des Moines, keng-kòe chiu lāi ê Wichita, El Dorado, Emporia, Ottawa, kap Kansas City téng siâⁿ.

Bûn-hòa

Tī Bí-kok bûn-ha̍k lāi-bīn, Kansas chin chhut-miâ ê chi̍t hāng tāi-chì, sī chò 1900 nî siáu-soat Oz ê Tōa Su̍t-sū (The Wonderful Wizard of Oz) chú-kak Dorothy Gale ê kò͘-hiong. 1939 nî kái-pian ê tiān-iáⁿ The Wizard of Oz lāi, ū chi̍t kù kháu-pe̍h kóng "Lán í-keng bô tī Kansas lāi--ah" (We're not in Kansas anymore), āu-lâi piàn Eng-gí ê chi̍t kù bêng-giân, piáu-sī ka-tī ji̍p-khì liáu sin khoân-kéng.

Chham-khó

↑ "Governor's Signature Makes English the Official Language of Kansas". US English. May 11, 2007. August 6, 2008 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ "Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014" (CSV). U.S. Census Bureau. 2014-12-26. 2014-12-26 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 "Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. goân-loē-iông tī 2011-10-15 hőng khó͘-pih. October 21, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
↑ "Annual Average Number of Tornadoes, 1953–2004". National Climatic Data Center. October 25, 2006 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ Pew Research Center, "Religious Landscape Study"Kansas" online
↑ "Total Gross Domestic Product by State for Kansas". FRED. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. 2017-03-11 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ "Major industries with highest employment, by state, 1990-2015". Bureau of Labor Statistics. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2016-08-05. 2017-01-23 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ "Ultra high-speed broadband is coming to Kansas City, Kansas". Google.com.

[1] "Governor's Signature Makes English the Official Language of Kansas". US English. May 11, 2007. August 6, 2008 khòaⁿ--ê.

[PopEstUS-2] "Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014" (CSV). U.S. Census Bureau. 2014-12-26. 2014-12-26 khòaⁿ--ê.

[USGS-3] 3.0 ^3.1 "Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. goân-loē-iông tī 2011-10-15 hőng khó͘-pih. October 21, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.

[NAVD88-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.

[Annual_Average_Number_of_Tornadoes-5] "Annual Average Number of Tornadoes, 1953–2004". National Climatic Data Center. October 25, 2006 khòaⁿ--ê.

[6] Pew Research Center, "Religious Landscape Study"Kansas" online

[7] "Total Gross Domestic Product by State for Kansas". FRED. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. 2017-03-11 khòaⁿ--ê.

[8] "Major industries with highest employment, by state, 1990-2015". Bureau of Labor Statistics. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2016-08-05. 2017-01-23 khòaⁿ--ê.

[KCK-9] "Ultra high-speed broadband is coming to Kansas City, Kansas". Google.com.

[1]