World War II

For alternate versions of World War II, see World War II's Event Hub

World War II, or the Second World War (abbreviated as WWII or WW2), was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945 involving most of Earth's nations, forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. Various technological advancements were made during the war as the Axis conquered many countries in Europe, Africa and Asia.

The Allied response was the creation of the first super soldier, Captain America, who became a symbol of freedom and justice. The war became much more complicated when the SS general Johann Schmidt separated his HYDRA division from the Nazis to start his own global conquest. The war ended with the complete victory for the Allies, who defeated both the Axis and HYDRA.

History[]

Leading up to World War II[]

Hitler's Rise to Power[]

The devastation of the Great War (as World War I was known at the time) had greatly destabilized Europe, and in many respects World War II grew out of issues left unresolved by that earlier conflict. In particular, political and economic instability in Germany, and lingering resentment over the harsh terms imposed by the Versailles Treaty, fueled the rise to power of Adolf Hitler and his National Socialist (Nazi) Party.^[2]

The Third Reich[]

In February 1934, Adolf Hitler watched one of Richard Wagner's operas at the Deutsches Opernhaus in Berlin. There he met Johann Schmidt, the physicist who revealed him his theory that tales of the Asgardians and other heroes of Norse mythology could be more history than myth. Hitler was intrigued by Schmidt's ideas, but Hitler's associate Ernst Kaufmann, head of the Sturmabteilung's special weapons division, was less impressed. Though Hitler ordered Kaufman to arrange a meeting between him and Schmidt, when Hitler left the scene, Kaufman threatened Schmidt that he would kill him if he approached Hitler again. However, the same night, Heinrich Himmler, head of the Schutzstaffel, recruited Schmidt. Four months later, to gain support from the German Army for his regime, Hitler ordered the assassinations of all higher officers of the Sturmabteilung, including Kaufmann, who was killed by Schmidt, who then took control of Kaufmann's weapons program and formed his own SS division, HYDRA.^[3]

In the mid-1930s, Hitler began the rearmament of Germany, secretly and in violation of the Versailles Treaty. After signing alliances with Italy and Japan against the Soviet Union, Hitler sent troops to occupy Austria in 1938 and the following year annexed Czechoslovakia. Hitler's open aggression went unchecked, as the United States and Soviet Union were concentrated on internal politics at the time, and neither France nor the United Kingdom (the two other nations most devastated by the Great War) were eager for confrontation.^[1]

Spanish Civil War[]

In 1936, civil war broke out in Spain between the left-leaning Republicans and the right-wing Nationalists. Other world powers lent varying degrees of support to both sides. For example, the Soviet Union supported the Republicans, while the Nazis supported the Nationalists. To ensure a Nationalist victory, Hitler ordered various armed units of his government to provide military support to them. These included the regular German military, the Wehrmacht; and the special weapons division HYDRA. The battles that were fought here were to be a proving ground for the newly-rearmed German military, who would apply what they learned when war broke out in 1939. Much damage was done during the Spanish Civil War, both by conventional weaponry as well as by the advanced technology HYDRA used. British Agent Peggy Carter, who was embedded deep within HYDRA, smuggled footage of an advanced exoskeleton out of Nazi hands, and revealed that the damage in the city of Guernica, which previously had been attributed to the Luftwaffe, was actually wrought at the hands of HYDRA's tanks and battle armor.^[3]

Outbreak of World War II (1939)[]

In late August 1939, Hitler and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin signed the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, which incited a frenzy of worry in London and Paris. Hitler had long planned an invasion of Poland, a nation to which the United Kingdom and France had guaranteed military support if it was attacked by Germany. The pact with Stalin meant that Hitler would not face a war on two fronts once he invaded Poland, and would have Soviet assistance in conquering and dividing the nation itself. On September 1, 1939, Hitler invaded Poland from the west; two days later, France and Britain declared war on Germany, beginning World War II.

On September 17, Soviet troops invaded Poland from the east. Under attack from both sides, Poland fell quickly, and by early 1940 Germany and the Soviet Union had divided control over the nation, according to a secret protocol appended to the Nonaggression Pact. Stalin's forces then moved to occupy the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) and defeated a resistant Finland in the Russo-Finish War. During the six months following the invasion of Poland, the lack of action on the part of Germany and the Allies in the west led to talk in the news media of a "phony war." At sea, however, the British and German navies faced off in heated battle, and lethal German U-boat submarines struck at merchant shipping bound for Britain, sinking more than 100 vessels in the first four months of World War II.^[1]

World War II in the West (1940-41)[]

The Fall of Western Europe[]

On April 9, 1940, Germany simultaneously invaded Norway and occupied Denmark, and the war began in earnest. On May 10, German forces swept through Belgium and the Netherlands in what became known as "blitzkrieg," or "lightning war" in English. Three days later, Hitler's troops crossed the Meuse River and struck French forces at Sedan, located at the northern end of the Maginot Line, an elaborate chain of fortifications constructed after World War I and considered an impenetrable defensive barrier. In fact, the Germans broke through the line with their tanks and planes and continued to the rear, rendering it useless. The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) was evacuated by sea from Dunkirk in late May, while in the south French forces mounted a doomed resistance. With France on the verge of collapse, Benito Mussolini of Italy put his Pact of Steel with Hitler into action, and Italy declared war against France and Britain on June 10.^[1]

The Battle of Britain[]

On June 14, German forces entered Paris; a new government formed by Marshal Philippe Petain (France's hero of World War I) requested an armistice two nights later. France was subsequently divided into two zones, one under German military occupation and the other under Petain's government, installed at Vichy. Hitler now turned his attention to Britain, which had the defensive advantage of being separated from the Continent by the English Channel. To pave the way for an amphibious invasion (dubbed Operation Sea Lion), German planes bombed Britain extensively throughout the summer of 1940, including night raids on London and other industrial centers that caused heavy civilian casualties and damage. The Royal Air Force (RAF) eventually defeated the Luftwaffe (German Air Force) in the Battle of Britain, and Hitler postponed his plans to invade. The battle caused millions of deaths. The presumed death of Michael Carter, Peggy's brother, convinced her to join the Strategic Scientific Reserve. With Britain's defensive resources pushed to the limit, Prime Minister Winston Churchill began receiving crucial aid from the U.S. under the Lend-Lease Act, passed by Congress in early 1941.^[1]

The War Behind the War[]

Viewing Adolf Hitler and the Third Reich as a threat to the free world, the American president Franklin D. Roosevelt ordered the formation of the Strategic Scientific Reserve, an Allied deep science agency which would battle Nazi super weapons. The commander of the Strategic Scientific Reserve was Colonel Chester Phillips of the United States Army, who persuaded the industrialist Howard Stark to join the agency.

In November 1940, at Castle Kaufmann in the Bavarian Alps, Johann Schmidt, the commanding officer of the Nazi Schutzstaffel's research division HYDRA, injected himself with the Super Soldier Serum made by professor Abraham Erskine. The serum made him stronger, but it also disfigured his face, and he became known as the Red Skull. Erskine was rescued from the castle by Peggy Carter, the British agent who infiltrated HYDRA. Erskine was brought to the US where he joined the Strategic Scientific Reserve.^[3]

Operation Barbarossa (1941-42)[]

By early 1941, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria had joined the Axis, and German troops overran Yugoslavia and Greece that April. Hitler's conquest of the Balkans was a precursor for his real objective: an invasion of the Soviet Union, whose vast territory would give the German master race the "Lebensraum" it needed. The other half of Hitler's strategy was the extermination of the Jews from throughout German-occupied Europe. Plans for the "Final Solution" were introduced around the time of the Soviet offensive, and over the next three years more than four million Jews would perish in the death camps established in occupied Poland. The extermination was carried out mainly by Heinrich Himmler's infamous SS troops.

On June 22, 1941, Hitler ordered the invasion of the Soviet Union, codenamed Operation Barbarossa. Though Soviet tanks and aircraft greatly outnumbered the Germans', their air technology was largely obsolete, and the impact of the surprise invasion helped Germans get within 200 miles of Moscow by mid-July. Arguments between Hitler and his commanders delayed the next German advance until October, when it was stalled by a Soviet counteroffensive and the onset of harsh winter weather.^[1]

Discovery of the Tesseract[]

After researching history, Johann Schmidt learned about the mythical Tesseract, an object of unlimited power which was left on Earth by the Asgardians centuries earlier. Believing it to be real he began searching for it, knowing it would give him power. In March 1942, Schmidt and his army invaded Tønsberg, Norway, looking for the Tesseract. After entering a church, Schmidt encountered the Church Keeper who refused to tell him where the object was. However, Schmidt found the Tesseract in the wall and shot the church keeper with his gun.

After gaining the Tesseract, Schmidt returned to his base in the Alps and gave the object to his top scientist, Arnim Zola, for studying. The Tesseract was shown to be so powerful that its energy could help the Axis powers conquer the entire world.^[2]

World War II in the Pacific (1941-43)[]

Pearl Harbor[]

With the United Kingdom facing Germany in Europe, the United States of America was the only nation capable of combating Japanese aggression, which by late 1941 included an expansion of its ongoing war with China and the seizure of European colonial holdings in the Far East. On December 7, 1941, 360 Japanese aircraft attacked the major U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, taking the Americans completely by surprise and claiming the lives of more than 2,300 troops.^[3]

America Strikes Back[]

After a long string of Japanese victories, the U.S. Pacific Fleet won the Battle of Midway in June 1942, which proved to be a turning point in the war. On Guadalcanal, one of the southern Solomon Islands, the Allies also had success against Japanese forces in a series of battles from August 1942 to February 1943, helping turn the tide further in the Pacific. In mid-1943, Allied naval forces began an aggressive counterattack against Japan, involving a series of amphibious assaults on key Japanese-held islands in the Pacific. This "island-hopping" strategy proved successful, and Allied forces moved closer to their ultimate goal of invading the Japanese homeland.^[1]

The Tide of War Turns (1943)[]

German Defeats[]

In North Africa, British and American forces had defeated the Italians and Germans by 1943. An Allied invasion of Sicily and Italy followed, and Benito Mussolini's government fell in July 1943. However, the German troops immediately occupied northern and central Italy, slowing the advance of the Allies.

On the Eastern Front, a Soviet counteroffensive launched in November 1942 ended the bloody Battle of Stalingrad, which had seen some of the fiercest combat of the war. The approach of winter, along with dwindling food and medical supplies, spelled the end for German troops there, and the last of them surrendered on January 31, 1943.^[2]

Russia[]

In 1943, Johann Fennhoff was stationed in an army camp for the Soviet Armed Forces. While at the camp, he was reading a book called "The Tragic Life of Doctor Faustus". During his reading, he was interrupted by a surgeon, who wanted his assistance during an amputation of the leg of a soldier, called Ovechkin. He was hesitant at first, but agreed to help nonetheless. Fennhoff used his hypnosis-technique on the soldier, who focused on the memory of a game of chess he had with his mother before he enlisted in the army. As Ovechkin was completely focused on the memory, the surgeons could amputate his leg without Ovechkin feeling any pain.^[4]

Project Rebirth[]

In June 1943, as part of the Strategic Scientific Reserve's Project Rebirth, Abraham Erskine recruited the sickly Steve Rogers into the U.S. Army. Rogers and other potential candidates for the Super Soldier experiment were moved to Camp Lehigh. Colonel Chester Phillips and Peggy Carter put the candidates through a series of physical tests. Meanwhile, Johann Schmidt, having discovered Erskine's whereabouts, sent his agents to kill him.

Following a week of evaluation, Erskine picked Rogers as the subject for the Super Soldier experiment based on his strength of character, knowing that the serum will react to that character. Phillips was not impressed with the choice. A day later, Rogers underwent Erskine’s Super Soldier treatment and experienced a transformation which increased his strength and stamina. Heinz Kruger, an assassin sent by Schmidt, infiltrated the secret Strategic Scientific Reserve laboratory in Brooklyn where the experiment was held and killed Erskine. Kruger escaped but was captured by Rogers who was unable to stop Kruger from killing himself rather than be interrogated.^[2]

Hail HYDRA[]

Meanwhile, the German armies began to suffer serious defeats. The Battle of Kursk in July 1943, with which Adolf Hitler hoped to turn the tide of war on the Eastern Front in his favor again, ended in the devastating defeat of the German forces.

Hitler, who funded Johann Schmidt's research for years, now expected from HYDRA's scientists to make new weapons for the German armed forces. But the army never received promised weapons. Schmidt ignored all of Hitler's calls.

Worried, Hitler sent three loyal SS officers, Oberstgruppenführer Roeder, Gruppenführer Schneider, and Sturmbanführer Hutter, to Schmidt's base. Schmidt's visitors were intrigued by the unusual uniforms and equipment used by the soldiers of HYDRA, but they told Schmidt that the Führer felt that "the Red Skull" was indulged long enough. Provoked, Schmidt showed them his Tesseract powered cannon. But when they discovered that he intended to invade Berlin and overthrow Hitler, Schmidt vaporized them all to silence them. Though Schmidt didn't start an open war against the Axis, HYDRA no longer worked for Nazi Germany.

Shortly after, a battle was fought near Azzano in Italy between the American troops and the German Army. A company of HYDRA soldiers joined the battle, wiping out the Germans with their pulse rifles and capturing almost the entire American unit.^[5] The prisoners were soon transported to the HYDRA Base Camp C3 where they were forced to work as slaves.^[2]

Captain America[]

Rather than risk the nation's only super soldier in combat, Senator Brandt decided to use Rogers as a public relations tool, having him appear around the country at War Bond rallies as Captain America. The new hero soon became the subject of war movies and comic books. Meanwhile, President Franklin D. Roosevelt ordered the Strategic Scientific Reserve to concentrate its efforts on combating HYDRA.

Soon, Rogers' War Bond show turned into a USO Tour show and was sent into Italy. In November 1943, Captain America was met with derision from soldiers who had actually been through months of grueling combat. When Steve found out about the casualties sustained by the 107th, the unit of his friend Bucky Barnes, he planned an impulsive rescue mission. Aided by Peggy Carter and Howard Stark, he flew behind the German lines into Austria, where he parachuted near one of HYDRA's bases in the Austrian Alps, halfway between Kitzbühel and Klagenfurt.

Captain America sneaked into the base and freed 400 captured Allied troops including Barnes, Timothy “Dum Dum” Dugan, Gabe Jones, Jim Morita, James Montgomery Falsworth, and Jacques Dernier. During the battle between the freed prisoners and HYDRA guards, Captain America confronted Schmidt and his top scientist Arnim Zola. After attacking Rogers and punching a hole in his shield, Schmidt ripped off his face mask to show him what Erskine's serum did to his face. While Rogers and Barnes looked onward, Schmidt escaped in a plane while Zola took his car. Rogers and Bucky were able to escape from the facility before it exploded and walked with the released prisoners all the way back to the American base camp in Italy.^[2]

Toward Allied Victory in World War II (1944)[]

The Howling Commandos[]

While the U.S. Army fought against the regular German troops, Steve Rogers was ordered to battle HYDRA's forces across the Nazi-occupied Europe. Dressed in a new uniform provided by Howard Stark and equipped with the new shield made from the only available piece of Vibranium, he assembled his own personal team of soldiers. The unit, named the Howling Commandos, was composed of men which Captain America freed from HYDRA in Austria. Soon, they embarked on several raids against HYDRA, destroying many of their factories.^[2]

London[]

During the first months of 1944, when the German air force launched the last "Blitz", Johann Schmidt sent a group of HYDRA agents to London to steal some blueprints from the Strategic Scientific Reserve. The agents were successful, but while they were trying to reach their submarine to escape back to Germany, they were discovered and chased by Captain America who managed to capture all of them.^[6]

A German scientist, Wernher von Braun, developed the world's first long-range guided ballistic missiles: the V-2s. Hundreds of V-2 rockets, or Vergeltungswaffe 2 (Retribution Weapon 2) were launched by the Wehrmacht, targeting London.^[7]

Denmark[]

In April 1944, Captain America infiltrated a castle controlled by HYDRA on an island in the Nazi-occupied Danish Straits. After defeating a soldier equipped with the advanced exo-skeleton battle suit, he took control of a tank and used its laser cannon to kill several HYDRA soldiers. The Howling Commandos soon joined him in cleaning the place, and they finally broke into the control room, where they found Schmidt himself. However, "Schmidt" was actually only a remote controlled "sonogram", an image formed of sound waves, one of Arnim Zola's many inventions. They saw that Schmidt was studying a mystical Viking Runestone found in the castle. Schmidt remotely sent a catastrophic surge to the site through the "Vita-batteries", intending to destroy the castle. Speaking through sonogram, Schmidt gave Captain America the choice of dying with the Commandos, or saving only himself. However, Captain America managed to slow the relic from exploding too early to make time for the Commandos to escape.^[3]

Battle of Finow[]

In June 1944, Johann Fennhoff and his brother were among the soldiers deployed to fight in Finow, Germany. Choosing to wear a gas mask, he was not affected when General John McGinnis deployed the invention called Midnight Oil. Fennhoff's brother was killed in the massacre that resulted. Fennhoff discovered his beloved brother's corpse without eyes and with pieces of his flesh ripped off, showing that he had suffered a horrifically painful death.^[8]

Normandy[]

On June 6, 1944–remembered as "D-Day"–the Allies began a massive invasion of Europe, landing 156,000 British, Canadian and American soldiers on the beaches of Normandy, France. In response, Adolf Hitler poured all the remaining strength of his army into Western Europe, ensuring Germany's defeat in the east. Soviet troops soon advanced into Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Romania, while Hitler gathered his forces to drive the Americans and British back from Germany in the Battle of the Bulge (December 1944-January 1945), the last major German offensive of the war.^[9]

Siege of Bastogne[]

In December 1944, Bastogne was the site of an engagement between Allied and German forces. One of the soldiers fighting on the American side was Daniel Sousa.^[10] While fighting, Sousa was hit in the femur by shrapnel, necessitating an amputation.^[11]

The End of the War in Europe (1945)[]

Reshaping Europe[]

At the beginning of February 1945, the heads of all three major Allied countries, the U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and the Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin, had a meeting near Yalta in Crimea. The Big Three agreed to require Germany's unconditional surrender and began plans for a post-war world.^[12]

Zola's Imprisonment[]

By the beginning of 1945, Captain America and the Howling Commandos progressively managed to destroy most major HYDRA operations, depriving Arnim Zola of any real ability to work on his scientific projects. Eventually he had to be moved via armored train, which Captain America and the Howling Commandos attacked. In the ensuing battle, Bucky fell off the train, seemingly dying, but Zola was captured and handed over to Allied forces.^[2]

Planning the Last Battle[]

Meanwhile, Arnim Zola was brought to the Strategic Scientific Reserve base where he was questioned by Colonel Chester Phillips. Phillips noted that his lack of the Cyanide Pills normally used by HYDRA agents to prevent capture suggested that he did not want to die personally. Zola told him everything he knew about HYDRA and revealed Schmidt's plans of world domination, most notably an imminent attack on the American mainland.^[2]

HYDRA's Defeat[]

Though the Third Reich crumbled, HYDRA was finally ready to launch an offensive that would shake the planet. With the giant super bomber, the Valkyrie, and its flying Tesseract-powered bombs, Schmidt intended to bring the United States of America to its knees by bombing major cities across the country.

As a diversion, Captain America attacked Schmidt's base. He was captured, and just as Schmidt prepared to kill him, the Howling Commandos broke in, followed by the U.S. Army detachment led by Colonel Chester Phillips and Peggy Carter. After the fierce battle, the base was captured, but Schmidt escaped on the Valkyrie and was preparing to carry out his plan to bomb America. Rogers was able to get aboard the plane and battled Schmidt for the final time. In the wake of the battle, Schmidt touched the Tesseract and disappeared. Rogers, realizing that there was no safe place to put the plane down without risking the weapons going off, decided to crash the plane in the Atlantic. After the final assault, Rogers was presumed missing in action.^[2]

Unaware of Red Skull's defeat, the HYDRA General Werner Reinhardt continued his experiments with a dangerous new weapon known as the Obelisk, which had the power to kill anyone it came into contact with. Reinhardt collected a group of men and women of various ages and races to touch the Obelisk and test how it killed people. Eventually one of the captured villages, a woman named Jiaying was able to touch the Obelisk without being harm, causing it to glow a strange golden color. As Reinhardt ordered the woman to be experimented on, one of his lieutenants came in to inform him of Schmidt's demise at the hands of Captain America.

Werner Reinhardt attempted to empty the HYDRA Research Facility in Austria and escape with several mysterious artifacts of unknown origin. But the facility was attacked by the Howling Commandos and a group of U.S. Army soldiers led by Peggy Carter. The surviving HYDRA members were taken into custody. Before he was taken away, Reinhardt warned Peggy that if one head was cut off, two more would grow, indicating that HYDRA would survive.^[13]

The Fall of the Reich[]

In February 1945, an intensive aerial bombardment preceded the Allied land invasion of Germany. The last German offensive on the Eastern Front at the Lake Balaton area in March 1945 was easily stopped by the overwhelming Soviet forces. By the time Germany formally surrendered on May 8, Soviet forces had occupied much of the country. Adolf Hitler was already dead, having committed suicide on April 30 in his bunker in Berlin. Many of his deputies, including Heinrich Himmler, head of the Schutzstaffel, also committed suicide.^[9]

On May 8, 1945, the German Field Marshall Wilhelm Keitel had to sign the unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany at Soviet headquarters in Berlin.^[14]

Atomic Bombings on Japan[]

At the Potsdam Conference of July-August 1945, Harry S. Truman, Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin discussed the ongoing war with Japan as well as the peace settlement with Germany. Post-war Germany would be divided into four occupation zones, to be controlled by the Soviet Union, Britain, the United States and France. On the divisive matter of Eastern Europe's future, Churchill and Truman acquiesced to Stalin, as they needed Soviet cooperation in the war against Japan.

Heavy casualties sustained in the campaigns at Iwo Jima and Okinawa, and fears of the even costlier land invasion of Japan led Truman to authorize the use of the atomic bomb^[1] on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima^[15] and Nagasaki in early August.^[16] The new weapon was the product of the Manhattan Project, made by some of America's best scientists, including Howard Stark.^[17] Phastos, an Eternal who had the power of invention, visited Hiroshima in the aftermath of the bombing and blamed himself for the incident as he had introduced technological aspects to humanity and thus credited the invention of the atomic bomb to his interference. Horrified by the Hiroshima bombing, Phastos gave up on humanity and swore to never aid or protect them henceforth.^[15]

On August 10, the Japanese government issued a statement declaring they would accept the terms of the Potsdam Declaration, and on September 2, U.S. General Douglas MacArthur accepted Japan's formal surrender aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay.^[1]

Aftermath[]

Following the end of the war, in a pub in London, the Howling Commandos toasted to their fallen comrade Captain America. Howard Stark attempted to find him, but was unsuccessful, although he found the Tesseract at the bottom of the Atlantic ocean.^[2]

World War II proved to be the most devastating international conflict in history, taking the lives of some 35 to 60 million people, including 6 million Jews who died at the hands of the Nazis. Millions more were injured, and still more lost their homes and property. The legacy of the war would include the global shift in power from Europe to two rival superpowers of the United States of America and the Soviet Union, that would soon face off against each other in the Cold War.

Many key players in the former Nazi political regime and Wehrmacht were arrested after the war, and prosecuted at the Nuremberg Trials, such as the chief of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht, Generalfeldmarschall Wilhelm Keitel. He, along with many others, such as Ernst Mueller, were hanged after the trials concluded for Crimes against Humanity and Crimes against Peace, among other charges.^[11] However, many members of the Nazi Party successfully fled to South America.^[18]

A new peacekeeping and intelligence agency, S.H.I.E.L.D., was formed by Colonel Chester Phillips, Howard Stark and Peggy Carter, to absorb the Strategic Scientific Reserve and expand upon its mandate. At the same time, the United States started Operation Paperclip, an effort to recruit the scientists of Nazi Germany for employment under the American government, denying their scientific expertise and knowledge to the Soviet Union. Among the scientists recruited by S.H.I.E.L.D. was Arnim Zola, who used his new position to slowly rebuild HYDRA within the United States. Therefore, even though the Allies won the war, the core of their enemy survived to fight another day.^[9]

Several countries were also formed, split or partitioned as a result of the war. The spread of communism from the Soviet Union into the Republic of China caused the communist Chinese government to seize control of the majority of the country, forcing the Republic of China's government to flee, creating two China's in the process – the People's Republic of China in Mainland China and the Republic of China in Taiwan. Japan's surrender led to the fall of the Empire of Japan, becoming a modernized government as a result, as well as the end of Japanese control over Korea. Japanese Korea was now left in the hands of the two superpowers, with the Soviet Union administering the north of the Korean peninsula while the United States military administered the south. This led to Korea splitting into two, forming the socialist Democratic People's Republic of Korea in the north, informally known as North Korea, and the capitalist Republic of Korea in the south, informally known as South Korea. The aftermath of World War II would lead into the Cold War, under which the Korean War began shortly after.^[19]

Nazi Germany's surrender also led to the country and its capital city of Berlin being split in two as well, with East Germany administered by the Soviet and West Germany administered by the Western Bloc. The Berlin Wall was created to separate East Berlin and West Berlin, although its subsequent collapse led to the reunification of Berlin and Germany as a whole.^[9] Following the war, the United Kingdom granted independence to India and Ceylon, bringing an end to British colonial rule and partitioning the former country into two nations – India and Pakistan. Pakistan itself later split into two as well, with East Pakistan becoming Bangladesh while West Pakistan reverted to using the Pakistan name.^[20]

After the end of the war, James Lucas' father, who was a Tuskegee Airman, returned to Savannah, Georgia and founded Mount Calvary Baptist Church.^[21]

The devastation wrought by the Second World War left a permanent impact on the course of human history. It helped define the modern world and, consequently, the violence of modern warfare. Eventually, the destruction of World War II and what followed would come to be evaluated by the sentient computer program known as Ultron, seventy years after the end of the conflict. As a peacekeeping program, Ultron's analysis of World War II and the resulting global unrest was instrumental in his decision to eradicate humanity.^[22]

Appearances[]

Appearances for World War II

In chronological order: Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. Season Seven Know Your Onions (mentioned; alternate timeline) Agent Carter Season Two Smoke & Mirrors (flashbacks) Captain America: The First Avenger Captain America: First Vengeance Avengers: Infinity War: The Heroes' Journey (flashback) Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. Season Two Shadows (flashbacks) Eternals (flashback) Agent Carter Season One Now is Not the End (mentioned) Time and Tide (mentioned) The Iron Ceiling (mentioned) Season Two A View in the Dark (mentioned) Better Angels (mentioned) The Atomic Job (mentioned) Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. Season Seven Alien Commies from the Future! (mentioned; alternate timeline) Out of the Past (mentioned; alternate timeline) Adapt or Die (mentioned; alternate timeline) Captain Marvel: Higher, Further, Faster. (mentioned) Season Five Rise and Shine (mentioned in flashback) Jessica Jones Season Two AKA I Want Your Cray Cray (newspaper; flashback) Iron Man (mentioned) The Incredible Hulk (mentioned) The Avengers (computer footage) Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. Season One 0-8-4 (mentioned) T.A.H.I.T.I. (mentioned) Captain America: The Winter Soldier (computer footage) Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. Season One Turn, Turn, Turn (mentioned) Season Two Afterlife (mentioned) The Frenemy of My Enemy (mentioned) WHiH Newsfront Season One WHIH EXCLUSIVE: Scott Lang Interview (mentioned) Luke Cage Season One Take It Personal (mentioned) Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. Season Three Many Heads, One Tale (mentioned) Bouncing Back (pictured) Watchdogs (mentioned) The Team (mentioned) Season Four Identity and Change (mentioned) Season Five Principia (mentioned) The Punisher Season Two One Bad Day (mentioned) The Falcon and The Winter Soldier Season One New World Order (pictures and written) One World, One People (pictures and written) She-Hulk: Attorney at Law Season One A Normal Amount of Rage (mentioned) Moon Knight Season One The Goldfish Problem (mentioned) The Guardians of the Galaxy Holiday Special (mentioned) Secret Invasion Season One Harvest (mentioned)

References[]

External Links[]

• World War II on Wikipedia
• World War II on Marvel Database

Wars and Conflicts in Earth History
Ego's Expansion (Pre-1 A.D.–2014) • Demon-Human War (Pre-1450-present) • 500 Year War (1084–1520) • Asgard-Jotunheim War (965 A.D.–2010) • Kree-Skrull War (995 A.D.–present) • Crusade Against Monsters (Pre-1861–2025) • World War II (1939–1945) • Johann Fennhoff's Revenge Plot (1946) • Cold War (1947–1991) • Bruce Banner Manhunt (2005–2010) • Chitauri Invasion (2012) • Second Dark Elf Conflict (2013) • Centipede Investigation (2013–2014) • Aldrich Killian's False Flag Attacks (2013) • HYDRA Uprising (2014) • Operation Cerberus (2013–2014) • War on HYDRA (2014–2015) • S.H.I.E.L.D. Civil War (2014–2015) • Ultron Offensive (2015) • Jiaying's Vendetta (2015) • Frank Castle's War (2015–2016) • Incrimination of Luke Cage (2015) • Revival of HYDRA (2015–2016) • Inhuman Outbreak (2015–2016) • Excavation of Midland Circle (2016) • Hive's Ascension (2016) • Avengers Civil War (2016) • Termination of the Red Room (2016) • Erik Killmonger's Revolution (2016) • Uprising in Attilan (2016) • Adrian Toomes' Weapons Trafficking Operation (2012–2016) • Anti-Inhuman Movement (2016–2017) • Cerberus Concealment Conspiracy (2015–2016) • Pursuit of Quake (2016–2017) • Summoning of Dormammu (2017) • Terror in New Orleans (2017) • Aida's Emancipation (2017) • War for Harlem (2017) • Triad War (2017) • Kingpin's Federal Corruption (2017) • Gibborim Prophecy (2017–2018) • Morgan le Fay's Conquest (2018) • Schultz Conspiracy (2018) • Jigsaw's Crime Spree (2018) • Hellcat's Retributive Justice (2018) • Infinity War (2018) • Search for Leo Fitz (2018–2019) • Ronin's Retribution (2018–2023) • Shrike Infestation (2019) • Chronicom Colonization of Earth (2019) • Rebirth of Kthara (2020) • Time Heist (2023) • Westview Anomaly (2023) • Expedition to Ta Lo (2024) • Flag Smashers' Political Ultimatum (2024) • Mafia Cold War (2024) • Mysterio's Masquerade (2024) • Tiamut's Emergence (2024) • Spider-Man Multiversal Crisis (2024) • Scarlet Witch's Multiversal Madness (2024) • Hunt for Ronin (2024) • Conspiracy to Release Ammit (2025) • Talokanil-Wakandan War (2025) • Gorr's Vow Against Gods (2025) • Secret Invasion (2026) • Restoration of Hala (2026) • Walking of the Witches' Road (2026)