This is a Swadesh list of words in Cebuano English .
For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list .American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.
No.
English
Cebuano Sinugboanon , Bisaya
1
I
akó
2
you (singular)
ikáw ka
3
he , she , it
siyá
4
we
kitá (inclusive) , kamí (exclusive)
5
you (plural)
kamo
6
they
silá
7
this
kirí ri (close to speaker but far from person spoken to) ; kini ni (close to both speaker and person spoken to)
8
that
kanâ nâ (far from speaker but close to person spoken to) ; kadtó kató to (far from both speaker and person spoken to)
9
here
dirí (close to speaker but far from person spoken to) ; dinhî (close to both speaker and person spoken to)
10
there
dihâ dirâ (far from speaker but close to person spoken to) ; didtô (far from both speaker and person spoken to)
11
who
kinsá (interrogative)
12
what
unsá (interrogative)
13
where
asa diin hain dis-a (interrogative)
14
when
kanus-a anus-a (interrogative)
15
how
unsaon giunsa (interrogative)
16
not
dilî
17
all
tanán
18
many
daghán
19
some
uban
20
few
pipila diyotay gamay
21
other
lain uban
22
one
usá
23
two
duhá
24
three
tuló
25
four
upát
26
five
limá
27
big
dakô
28
long
taás
29
wide
lapád
30
thick
bagâ
31
heavy
bug-át buntáy
32
small
gamay gutì diyót
33
short
mubô putót ( of humans )
34
narrow
gip-ot hagip-ot hiktin kip-ot lip-ot piot pig-ot sip-ot salip-ot sigpit
35
thin
nipís niwang
36
woman
babaye baye
37
man (adult male)
lalaki laki
38
man (human being)
tawo
39
child
batà anák
40
wife
asawa
41
husband
bana
42
mother
inahán nanay
43
father
amahán tatay
44
animal
mananáp
45
fish
isdâ
46
bird
langgám
47
dog
irô
48
louse
kuto
49
snake
bitín sawa halas
50
worm
ulod
51
tree
kahoy punoan
52
forest
lasang
53
stick
putpot
54
fruit
bunga prutas
55
seed
binhì liso
56
leaf
dahon
57
root
gamot
58
bark (of a tree)
panit sa kahoy, pakpák
59
flower
bulak
60
grass
sagbót
61
rope
pisì
62
skin
panit
63
meat
unod karne
64
blood
dugò
65
bone
bukog
66
fat (noun)
tambók
67
egg
itlóg
68
horn
sungay
69
tail
ikóg
70
feather
balhibo
71
hair
buhók balhibo
72
head
ulo
73
ear
dalunggán
74
eye
mata
75
nose
ilong
76
mouth
bâbâ
77
tooth
ngipon
78
tongue (organ)
dilà
79
fingernail
kukó
80
foot
tiil
81
leg
tiil (lower limb) , paa (thigh; also lower limb) , batiis (lower leg)
82
knee
tuhod
83
hand
kamot
84
wing
pakò
85
belly
tiyan
86
guts
tinae
87
neck
liog
88
back
likod luyo
89
breast
tutoy suso ( mammary gland )
90
heart
kasingkasing dughan
91
liver
atay
92
to drink
inom
93
to eat
kaon
94
to bite
paak
95
to suck
supsop suyop
96
to spit
luwà
97
to vomit
suka
98
to blow
huyop bulhot
99
to breathe
ginhawa
100
to laugh
katawa
101
to see
kità
102
to hear
dungog
103
to know
kahibalo sayod
104
to think
hunahuna
105
to smell
simhot
106
to fear
hadlók kulba
107
to sleep
tulog
108
to live
buhi
109
to die
matay
110
to kill
patay mas-ok
111
to fight
away
112
to hunt
mangayam
113
to hit
igò
114
to cut
putol
115
to split
pikás tungâ
116
to stab
dunggab dugmak lubà
117
to scratch
katol ( an itch )
118
to dig
kalot kabkab bungkal
119
to swim
langóy salóm
120
to fly
lupád
121
to walk
lakáw lakat
122
to come
arî anhî
123
to lie (as in a bed)
higdâ
124
to sit
lingkód pungkô
125
to stand
tindóg baróg
126
to turn (intransitive)
likò
127
to fall
hulog pulak
128
to give
hatag
129
to hold
kupot gunit
130
to squeeze
pisil pigà kumot
131
to rub
lugod banlos
132
to wash
hugas
133
to wipe
trapo pahid
134
to pull
bira bitad
135
to push
tulod
136
to throw
labay sabyag (as of liquids)
137
to tie
higot talì
138
to sew
tahì
139
to count
ihap
140
to say
sulti ingon
141
to sing
awit kanta
142
to play
dulà
143
to float
lutaw
144
to flow
agas agay
145
to freeze
kaging
146
to swell
burot but-ok
147
sun
adlaw
148
moon
bulan
149
star
bituon
150
water
tubig
151
rain
ulan
152
river
subà salog wahig sapà
153
lake
danaw lanaw linaw
154
sea
dagat
155
salt
asin
156
stone
bato
157
sand
balas
158
dust
abog
159
earth
yutà
160
cloud
panganod dag-om (rain cloud)
161
fog
gabon
162
sky
langit
163
wind
hangin huyuhoy (breeze)
164
snow
niyebe
165
ice
yelo
166
smoke
aso
167
fire
kalayo
168
ash
abo agiw
169
to burn
sunog
170
road
dalan
171
mountain
bukid
172
red
pula
173
green
berde
174
yellow
dalag
175
white
putì
176
black
itom
177
night
gabii
178
day
adlaw
179
year
tuig
180
warm
gil-as alinsuob (in weather)
181
cold
bugnaw tugnaw tun-og (in weather)
182
full
punò
183
new
bag-o
184
old
daan (non-living things) , tigulang (living things)
185
good
maayo buotan (said to a person)
186
bad
daotan ngil-ad
187
rotten
latà
188
dirty
hugaw
189
straight
tul-id tanos tarong
190
round
lingin alidong (circle)
191
sharp (as a knife)
hait lag-it
192
dull (as a knife)
habol bagnol
193
smooth
hamis kinis
194
wet
basà
195
dry
uga
196
correct
tinuod tama
197
near
duol
198
far
layò
199
right
tuo
200
left
wala
201
at
sa
202
in
sa
203
with
uban
204
and
ug
205
if
kung kon
206
because
kay tungod
207
name
ngalan pangalan
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
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